Нано киборги 2

Нано киборги 2

http://www.darpa.mil/MTO/Programs/himems/index.html
Ученые  действительно создали насекомых киборгов? Смотрите этот видеофильм. Don’t believe that scientists can really create cyborg insects? Watch this video, created by New Scientist. It’s clearly still at the beginning stages, but scientists supported by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency appear to be making some progress in this fascinating area of research.
Remote Control Cyborg Insects Now A Reality
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zCK-mNqhx44
pomi123 | September 28, 2009 | 4 likes, 0 dislikes   http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zCK-mNqhx44
By using direct optical lobe stimulation, the bugs can be steered left and right and up and down, and they also respond to stop and start commands. Basically, everything you could want in a remote control bug.

REMOTE-CONTROLLED insects may sound like the stuff of science fiction, but they have already been under development for some time now. In 2006, for example, the Defense Advanced Research More..Projects Agency (DARPA, the Pentagon's research and development branch) launched the Hybrid Insect Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems program, whose ultimate aim is to turn insects into unmanned aerial vehicles.

Such projects provide proof of principle, but have met with limited success. Until now, that is. In the open access journal Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience, a team of electrical engineers led by Hirotaka Sato of the University of California, Berkeley, report the development of an implantable radio-controlled neural stimulating device, with which they demonstrate, for the very first time, the accurate control of flight in freely flying insects.

The miniaturized system developed by Sato and his colleagues is mounted onto the pronotum (the dorsal, or upper, plate of the exoskeleton), and consists of electrodes implanted into the brain and wing muscles and a microbattery. Flight commands to start and stop flight and control the insect's elevation and turning were generated on a personal computer running specialized software, and transmitted to a microcontroller equipped with a radio transceiver.

The device is much simpler to program and use than similar ones developed previously, because it makes implicit use of the beetle's own flight control capabilities. The researchers found that flight could be initiated by simply applying a single pulse of electrical stimulation via the electrodes implanted into the left and right optic lobes. A single pulse from the same electrodes was also sufficient to stop the wing beats. Exactly how this occurs is unclear; it is known that visual inputs can initiate flight in locusts and fruit flies, and the researchers speculate that stimulation of the optic lobe activates large diameter "giant fibre" motor neurons which project from the brain to the wing muscles.

Once initiated, flight continued in the absence of further stimulation. The beetle powers its own flight, and levels with the horizon on its own, so that the neural and muscle stimulators are only used when a change in orientation or elevation is required. Turning could be initiated by asymmetrical stimulation of the muscles at the base of the wings, with a left turn being triggered by an electrical pulse to the right flight muscle, and vice versa. The stimulator could also be used to modulate the frequency of wing oscillations, which caused changes in altitude.

Electrically-controllable insects have obvious military applications. They could be used as micro air vehicles for reconnaissence missions, or as couriers which deliver small packages to locations that are not easily accessible to humans or terrestrial robots. The beetles used here (Mecynorrhina torquata) are among the largest of all insect species, and are capable of carrying addditional loads of up to 30% of their 8g body weight. But they could also be very useful to researchers who study insect mating behaviour, the foraging behaviour of insect predators, and flight dynamics and energetics

Жуки способны к переносу addditional грузы до 30 % от их 8-граммовой массы тела. Но они могли также быть очень полезными для исследований.


Remote radio control of insect flight
Радиоуправление полетом насекомого

Hirotaka Sato1*, Christopher W. Berry2, Yoav Peeri1, Emen Baghoomian1, Brendan E. Casey2, Gabriel Lavella1, John M. VandenBrooks3, Jon F. Harrison3 and Michel M. Maharbiz1,2

1
Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
2
Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
3
School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
We demonstrated the remote control of insects in free flight via an implantable radio-equipped miniature neural stimulating system. The pronotum mounted system consisted of neural stimulators, muscular stimulators, a radio transceiver-equipped microcontroller and a microbattery. Flight initiation, cessation and elevation control were accomplished through neural stimulus of the brain which elicited, suppressed or modulated wing oscillation. Turns were triggered through the direct muscular stimulus of either of the basalar muscles. We characterized the response times, success rates, and free-flight trajectories elicited by our neural control systems in remotely controlled beetles. We believe this type of technology will open the door to in-flight perturbation and recording of insect flight responses.
Keywords:
neural stimulation, wireless remote radio control, micro and nano air vehicles (MAVs/NAVs), brain machine interface, cyborg beetle
Citation:
Sato H, Berry CW, Peeri Y, Baghoomian E, Casey BE, Lavella G, VandenBrooks JM, Harrison JF and Maharbiz MM (2009). Remote radio control of insect flight. Front. Integr. Neurosci. 3:24. doi: 10.3389/neuro.07.024.2009
Received:
18 June 2009;
 Paper pending published:
24 August 2009



World's First Bionic Man   This is 100% real. His name is Jesse Sullivan, a high-power lineman who got electrocuted and had to have both arms amputated. Now he has new ones. 
Cutting Edge Prosthetic Arms http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T6R5bm6qx2E&NR=1
Bluetooth Legs  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oAnI7cZr6is&feature=channel


vat.zvg - cyborg insects.wmv  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lvYccVqwkI4
Cyborg insects steered from a distance
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j4_6NJewrC8

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zCK-mNqhx44
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_i-_1QdY2Zc
Fly with Implanted Webserver (2001) - Garnet Hertz http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yEji9ycQqK4&feature=related





http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tq8Yw19bn7Q&feature=channel
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1-0eZytv6Qk&NR=1
Paralysed rats sprint  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-TycMNRUmuY&NR=1



Robots inspired by animals 

How To: Make a Robotic Insect  Create Teeny Tiny Solar Insect Robots http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YzFCA-xUc8w     How to Build a Simple Robot – Beetle Robot

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tq8Yw19bn7Q&feature=channel
Robot fish synchronise into schools  http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn14101
DARPA's Bionic Arm http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QJg9igTnjIo&feature=related
Claudia Mitchell Operates a Bionic Arm with her Brain at RIC (no sound)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X1OBzc9QfIs&NR=1

Israel-Times.com Technology - DragonFly Robot Micro UAVs  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qAVtuTOKGsA&feature=related

Боевые «жуки-киборги» Пентагона встали на крыло25 сентября 2009 г., 12:03 http://soft.mail.ru/pressrl_page.php?id=35433
Super creepy cyborg insects will soon spy on you 3 OF 5  
       MicroDrone   Read more at http://www.botjunkie.com/ and http://www.microdrones.com/en_home.php
Using these robots, it only takes 10 people to bone 500 hams an hour instead of 20. Используя эти роботы, только требуется 10 человек вместо 20, чтобы снять мясо с 500  костей . Industrial Robots That Imitate Human Wrist Movement : DigInfo   DigInfo TV - http://diginfo.tv
Air Force's Killer Bugbots Attack    Air Force's Killer Bugbots Attack.  The U.S. military has been working for a while on tiny, buglike drones ;€” to serve as miniature flying spies, Defense Department robot-makers say. But this video, from the Air Force Research Laboratory, shows that the military is also interested in turning these "Micro Air Vehicles," or MAVs, into biomorphic weapons that can lie in secret for weeks at a time ;€” and then strike an adversary with lethal accuracy.
"Individual MAVs may perform direct-attack missions," says the video's gravelly voiced narrator. "They can be equipped with incapacitation chemicals, combustible payloads or even explosives for precision-targeting capability."

http://blog.wired.com/defense/2008/12/video-air-force.html
DARPA УПРАВЛЕНИЕ ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫХ ИССЛЕДОВАТЕЛЬСКИХ ПРОГРАММ
Sex Slave Mothra http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hkzv65cmQpI
insect cyborgs to fly reconnaissance
http://www.eetimes.com/news/semi/show...

WIRED sex slaves
http://www.wired.com/dangerroom/2007/...

HYBRID INSECT MEMS (HI-MEMS)
http://www.darpa.gov/mto/programs/him...

By Noah Shachtman March 19, 2008 | 7:44:00 AM Wired
http://www.techreaction.net/forums/showthread.php?t=2893

For years, now, Pentagon-backed researchers have been trying to create cyborg insects that could serve as living, remote-controlled spies. The problem is, those modified bugs never survived long enough to be useful. Now, Georgia Tech professor Robert Michelson says he’s managed to get the bug ‘borgs to live into adulthood.
DARPA’s Hi-MEMS program aims to implant place micro-mechanical systems [MEMS] “inside the insects during the early stages of metamorphosis,” the agency explains. That way, as the bugs get older, tissues grow around — and fuse together with — the tiny machines.

 Flight International l reports that, in his latest work, Michelson truncated a Manduca moth’s thorax “to reduce its mass.” Then he put in “a MEMS component… where abdominal segments would have been, during the larval stage.”

Images taken by x-ray of insects with these changes and others found that tissue growth around the inserted probes was good. One DARPA goal is to show that during locomotion the heat and mechanical power generated by the thorax could be harnessed to power the MEMS.

Ultimately, DARPA wants these MEMS to remote-operately the insects, either through “direct electrical muscle excitation, electrical stimulation of neurons, projection of ultrasonic pulses simulating bats, [or] projection of pheromones,” the agency says. The ultimate goal would be to have the cyborgs “carry one or more sensors, such as a microphone or a gas sensor, [and] relay back information.”
The realization of cyborgs with most of the machine component inside the insect body will provide stealthy robots that use muscle actuators which have been developed over millions of years of evolution.





Danger Room УПРАВЛЕНИЕ ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫХ ИССЛЕДОВАТЕЛЬСКИХ ПРОГРАММ  What's Next in National Security
http://www.wired.com/dangerroom/
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Video: Cyborg Moth Flies!
• By Sharon Weinberger 
• April 3, 2008  | 
• 11:05 am  | 
• Categories: Bizarro, DarpaWatch, Drones, Military Life
•
Don’t believe that scientists can really create cyborg insects? Watch this video, created by New Scientist. It’s clearly still at the beginning stages, but scientists supported by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency appear to be making some progress in this fascinating area of research.
ALSO: • Pentagon’s Cyborg Insects All Grown Up
• How To: Make a Robotic Insect
• Plasma Propulsion for Palm-Sized Drones
• Miami Police Enlists Drone
• Video: Dragonfly Drones in Flight
• Video: Creepy, Crawly Hybrid Flying Drone
• Insect Drones ‘Spotted’ on US Streets
• Beamed Power For Dragonfly Spies
• British Police’s New Spy Drone
• Air Force’s Mini-Drone Swarm
• Air Force: Bug-Like Robo-Bombs for Indoor Ops
• Bug Eyes, Bat Ears for Mini-Drones
• Mini-Drone Vs IEDs
• Video: Bio-Bots Slither, Creep, and Waddle Ahead
• Area 51’s Robotic Spy Bird
• DARPA’s Sex Slave Insects
• Robo Fly, Built to Spy
• Robo-Critter for River War
• Military Cyborg Menagerie
• Cyborg Flying Rats Invade China
• Cyborg Pigeons Revealed!
• Drone Dog’s Big Walk
• Video: Robo-Mule, Remixed
• New Video: Robotic Pack Mule Leaps Into Action
• Mobile Robots Take Baby Steps
• New Video: Robo-Mule Conquers Ice, Snow
• Monkey Brain Controls Walking ‘Bot
• Monkey Mind-Controlled Robot: The Video

The cyborg animal spies hatching in the lab.

Researchers have already developed remote control systems for rats, pigeons and even sharks. Исследователи уже развили системы дистанционного управления для крыс, голубей и даже акул.

THE next time a moth alights on your window sill, watch what you say. Sure, it may look like an innocent visitor, irresistibly drawn to the light in your room, but it could actually be a spy - one of a new generation of cyborg insects with implants wired into their nerves to allow remote control of their movement. Be warned, flesh-and-blood bugs may soon live up to their name.

It's not just insects that could be used as snoops. Researchers have already developed remote control systems for rats, pigeons and even sharks. The motivation is simple: why labour for years to build robots that imitate the ways animals move when you can just plug into living creatures and hijack systems already optimised by millions of years of evolution? "There's a long history of trying to develop micro-robots that could ..


Read more: 

Морские раковины, кажется, содержат чудодейственный компонент  http://www.innovanews.ru/info/news/health/2623/
Медики услышали в этом звуке больше, чем прибой: сахар, содержащийся в раковинах, кажется, способен помочь в лечении паралича.
Открытие дает надежду пациентам, парализованным в результате болезни или несчастного случая.
Ученые обнаружили, что этот сахар исправляет поврежденные нервные клетки в спинном мозге.
После введения сахар заполняет все дыры в оболочке нервных клеток, и спустя 30 минут восстанавливаются утраченные сигналы между мозгом и частями тела.
Исследование сейчас пребывает на ранней стадии, и пока эксперименты проводятся на морских свинках, однако исследователи надеются, что очередь дойдет и до человека.
Результаты исследования опубликованы в издании Journal of Experimental Biology.

В ближайшем будущем парализованных заменят киборги
http://www.innovanews.ru/info/news/hightech/3290/
В головной мозг парализованных пациентов вскоре начнут внедрять чип, который позволит им управлять бионическими конечностями.

Британские разработчики развивают технологию, которая использует крошечные микрочипы для восстановления чувствительности нервных сообщений, декодировки сигналов и превращения их в двигательную активность.

В течение 5 лет ученые надеются, довести технологию до ума настолько, что пациентам с повреждением спинного мозга станут доступны автоматизированные устройства, которые позволят им двигать руками и ногами.

Травмы спинного мозга, как известно, вызывают паралич.

Профессор Родриго Квиан Кирога, возглавивший группу исследователей из Лисистерского университета, работающую над проектом, пояснил, что такие пациенты сохранят способность отдавать конечностям команды прямо из мозга.

В издании The Engineer он сообщил: «Сначала человек видит объект, которого требуется достичь, затем у него формируется намерение сделать это, и мозг пошлет команду руке, например, взять эту чашку, но у парализованного пациента сигнал оборвется на уровне спинного мозга. Если мы можем получить сигналы от этих нейронов и интерпретировать, расшифровать их алгоритм, то нам удастся и заставить двигаться автоматизированное устройство, которым будет оснащена конечность».

По большей части технология уже доступна, сказал профессор. Ученые продемонстрировали «телепатические» чипы, внедренные в мозг обезьян, которые могут управлять манипуляторами или перемещать курсор на экране компьютера. Однако ни одна из этих систем не включает беспроводную технологию. Вместо этого в специальное отверстие, просверленное в черепе животного, вставлялся провод. Передача информации из мозга беспроводным способом является намного более сложной. Один электрод сможет пропускать порядка 30000 единиц информации в секунду, и один чип может содержать сотни таких электродов.
«Это огромный объем данных, а потому пропускной полосы будет не хватать», сказал профессор Кирога. «Мы пытаемся уменьшить пропускную полосу чипа, чтобы вместо 30000 единиц информации в секунду их передавалось 100 или 1000».
Еще более амбициозная идея заключается не в использовании автоматизированного устройства, а в замене прерванной связи с конечностью искусственной связью. В этом случае чип, имплантированный в мозг, посылал бы сигналы в стимулятор в спинном мозге. Это привело бы к сокращению мускулов и к движению парализованных членов.
Однако ученые рассматривают автоматизированную систему как с большей вероятностью реализуемую в ближайшей перспективе.