The opening of Alexander Bashenkina

 
If you have a better computer translators, it is advisable to transfer independently from the original source http://www.proza.ru/2011/03/28/1347


The opening of Alexander Bashenkina

The Internet now brings an abundance of interesting material about the real depths of the history of the Slavs, the ancestors of which were formed along with the ancestor of other peoples of the Nostratic community. Those and other ancestors, and still did not know in which ethnic groups will leave them ethnogenetic branch. But millennia-old history is typical, as confirmed by many scientific studies, and for the ancestors of the Slavs.
Ethnogenesis EARLY SLAVS. Heard in November 2002 at a meeting of the Presidium of RAS. Vladimir Sedov Sedov, Valentin V. - academician, head of the Institute of Archaeology, RAS.
http://vivovoco.rsl.ru/VV/JOURNAL/VRAN/03_07/SEDOV.HTM

Slavs and their neighbors in the end I millennium BC - the first half I thousand BC
Author: Rusanov, IP, EA Symonovich (Ed.), Moscow: Nauka, 1993 - 337 sec. http://files.mail.ru/L633D2

Paganism of the ancient Slavs Boris A. Rybakov http://lib.rus.ec/b/78185

Descent of Man, according to archeology, anthropology and DNA genealogy Klyosov AA, AA Tyunyaev Boston - Moscow, 2009 http://www.organizmica.org/archive/611/pcpda.shtml etc.

By Alexander Nikolayevich Bashenkina (born 1959, Ph.D., Vologda) objectively in the mainstream of basic research. True, it was inevitable (yes, perhaps, is) under pressure from the dominant version of what the earliest settlers in the north and north-west Europe (the Russian Plain) were Finno-Ugric peoples. But the objective results of his work and support different versions of the early history of the future of Novgorod.

Scythian trace http://www.trinitas.ru/rus/doc/0211/008a/02111043.htm According to legend of Slovenia and Ruse, acknowledged that in the 17 century and church sources (recent record), Scythian princes of the Word and Rus went to north of the Black Sea in 2409 BC Around 2095 came to the region of Lake Moysko, which was renamed Ilmer (ilmenite). Arranged by name in their honor by the city. Then, "Words and Eng, who lived together in great love, had died. After their sons and grandsons of Prince, have extracted a great wealth of the sword and bow. They possessed the Nordic countries around the Pomerania to the limits of the Arctic Ocean, and the lands along the rivers Pechery, Vym, Ob, and more. There were taken with a price beast Sobol. Walked to the Egyptian country at war, many have shown courage in Jerusalem countries and the great fear in all southern land suggests.
Could the Russian chronicle the story of 15 - 17 centuries as a sort of "remember" the events which occurred in 4 - 5 thousand years of its creators?. After all, we now assume that modern historians interpret events correctly with respect to limitations in the hundreds of thousands or millions of years. Ancient historians (eg Herodotus) affects the events of Egyptian history, which took place three thousand years before him (and some of his data and now recognized by science).
Similar examples - many. And along with the denial of the possibility of reflection in the legendary story of real depth of national history it is quite possible that it is more or less preserved the information about the actual movements of the initiative groups of Indo-Europeans - ancestors, fellow of many Russians. It should be stressed that the Indo-Europeans (and now) is an essential initiative ethnic group among other ethnic groups. And the surrounding nations to acknowledge their civilizational mission, their importance in the development of the entire ancient world.

The main indicators of the Indo-European men recognized native haplogroups R1a1 and R1b1 (c subclades), although there is a track of them and in the ethnogenesis of other nations. Among women in the formation of Indo-visible role bearers of haplogroup H (Helena-Helena), but this haplogroup property is not only Indo-Europeans. http://www.proza.ru/2011/03/20/1774; http://www.proza.ru/2011/03/26/271; http://www.proza.ru/2011/03/ 27/471, etc.

The probability of ethnic Slavs memory for tens of thousands of tagged Rybakov in the famous work of ancient paganism of the Slavs. " Although V. Propp with polemics, but the historical roots of the fairy tale is also denoted in the Upper Paleolithic. http://www.gumer.info/bibliotek_Buks/Linguist/Propp_2/26.php. In fact, this version is supported by many experts on mythology and epic. Abundance of facts of this plan is in the works of George Paton Berezkina

Of course, the ancestors of the Slavs is not necessarily called as Slavs. Gothic historian Jordan in the early 6 century BC thought that they (along with antami) originated from the ancient Wends. Byzantine writer Procopius pointed Slavs as disputes (the villagers scattered villages), inheriting traditions Massagetae and Huns.
Connection with the Slavs Huns now recognizes and official science http://www.proza.ru/2010/05/23/388

Influential medievizm Slavic Wends of (their roots to Aeneas) and disputes (with similar traditions and customs of the Huns and Massagets) is not very honors. Slavs began to call themselves Slavs in the 5 - 6 centuries - that from the time their story begins. And since when Balts call themselves the Balts, the Finno-Ugric peoples - Finno-Ugrians etc. ! But the story of many ethnicities without a self in antiquity at least several thousand years of writing. Although cleaved (self-Scythians in Herodotus) completely fall in line chipped - skloveni - Sakaliba - Slavs http://www.proza.ru/2009/07/14/537; http://www.trinitas.ru/rus/doc / 0211/008a/02111044.htm; http://www.proza.ru/2009/07/12/846
  ; etc.

Alexander N. Bashenkin (http://www.vao2009.ru/lichnosti.html Bashenkin AN Vologda region in ancient and medieval times. In the book.: Vologda. Local History Almanac. Vol. 2. Vologda, 1997.
http://www.vao2009.ru/states/Baschenkin_1.html;
for his research greatly enriched the understanding of late antiquity, ethnic future of Novgorod. Many archaeological sites identified them around the border of modern Novgorod and Vologda regions.

Geographer Ptolemy in the 2 nd century n.e.podrobno described and Sarmatia (Scythia), pointing to her dozens of cities, about one hundred people, many different geographic features. (http://www.proza.ru/2010/10/10/1330; http://www.proza.ru/2010/10/11/245; etc.) Power is decent and traditional place in ancient world. And if today's Russians have forgotten about it, then that trouble the Russians themselves. The Inner Life of Scythia are even less interesting than the increasing participation of the Scythian peoples in world affairs. But this life has left a lot of value to archaeologists, who noted at the time a sufficiently high level of economic development, especially in the southern regions of Russia.
Hypertrophy of the archaeological surveys and various antisloveno-Russian linguistic constructions real national history does not recognize. By AN Bashenkinu, in the studied region of Novgorod, and Vologda regions funerary monuments of the second half of I millennium BC. er. (Wartime Scythia and Persia) are presented with ground graves with burials in cremation ceremonies. Remains of cremation were placed in small underground pits or on the ground surface (tombs Kurevaniha-XX Lyubahin-V on the river. Kobozhe, Chagoda-1). Things in the burials are rare: bronze beads, a knife with a crescent-backed arrowheads. In the end I millennium BC. er. there is a new rite of burial, when the remnants of burning are placed in clay pots (both then and in the hills of the Slavs, although the VV Sedov, and several other researchers cremation rite known Slavic lands at least since the culture of funeral urns).
http://vivovoco.rsl.ru/VV/JOURNAL/VRAN/03_07/SEDOV.HTM

Perhaps the appearance of urn burials associated with cultural impulses coming from the southwest, where intensified efforts to Rome to gain a foothold in the northern Black Sea coast and to subdue the local people and their kings. End of the I millennium BC. er. - Time of severe cultural and historical changes and the north of the Valdai Hills to express not only the appearance of urn burials, but in general, changing the whole culture. Along with ground burials appear burial ground wooden structures that have received literature in the name of "house the dead." "House of the Dead" is located on the outskirts of the settlements or in their vicinity. They were a log about the size of 5x4 meters.
Inside the "house" were placed the remains of burials for cremation ceremony, some of them, probably in birch tueskah or in earthen vessels. Among the bones found a large quantity of burial items: arrowheads, knives, awls, buckles, pendants and belt clips. Of particular note was first discovered finds items steppe weapons: swords, daggers, scabbards pommel, bronze three-blade arrowhead. Female ornaments are delicate bronze plaques, various suspension pronizki, pins, beads. Most of these things has analogies in the Volga-Oka interfluve and Kama. But it is a region north of the Scythians, who is mentioned by Herodotus. A lot of interesting information about the region and in other ancient authors. And then there developed the famous Imenkov culture.

(=================== In general, the origins of "dead houses" can be sought in the Paleolithic.
Burial in a sort of "home" (or directly into the homes) are observed on the lands of Russia since the Paleolithic. Russia has opened more than 1500 settlements Upper Paleolithic. Choosing months ¬ that for parking, people are cared for Late era primarily the convenience of hunting, so settlements are usually located at the edge of the river to ¬ ling, often in groups. http://library.ime.ru/docs/000537/HTMLs/Glavi/el00_02.htm

On monuments counties Kostenki on the Don (near Voronezh) opened four burial neanthropines differing characteristics of the burial rite and grave nature of the structures belonging to different races. Kostenki XV - Funeral sitting the child, committed in a deep burial chamber under the floor of the home. Buried sitting in a special clay seat stained ocher. Numerous grave goods - is more than 70 articles of stone, bone blade tips and needles, ornate drilled teeth fox hat. Camera on top was blocked by large mammoth bones. 2. Kostenki XVIII - baby burial committed in soil pit, covered with bones of mammoth buried lie in a sleeping posture. 3. Kostenki XIV - buried in the dirt oval pit a young man, richly colored with ocher, posture - strongly flexed (equipment absent). 4. Kostenki II - Funeral of adult men, placed in a special burial chamber of the large mammoth bones, attached to the wall of the home.
According to the PI Boriskovsky, male burial is a specially constructed of mammoth bones (skull, limb bones, scapula) oval burial chamber, measuring 2.20 by 0.55 m in internal lines and 4.0 to 1.50 m - on the outside, attached to the wall of the home. The walls of the burial chamber were low, they consisted of not dug, and from the horizontal to the bone. In the center of the camera was planted bound corpse of a man, age about 50 years. At least up to the shoulders, he was covered with earth - this indicates that the bone torso and legs have retained their original position. The head and hands were left outside. After the destruction of dwellings head and some bones of hands and were shifted back to the living area. Probably after the funeral home was abandoned inhabitants: this shows the simultaneity of the destruction of the home and burial (yes another skull and could not get to the living area).
Among the famous Paleolithic graves closest analogy reveals the burial of the child to Gorodtsovskoy parking lot (a specially built camera, sitting), but significant, and differences (eg, the camera on Gorodtsovskoy park - closed above the crypt, a rich inventory that accompanies the burial of a child, and a complete lack of inventory in interment at Kostenki).


Burial baby found under the floor of one of the homes in Malta (Siberia): in his skull bone was diadem on her neck - a necklace of beads and a flying bird figurine carved from mammoth ivory, chest - metal plate, decorated with pictures of writhing snakes. At his feet lay the buried tip of the spear, piercing, and the plate and the edge of the stone, the shoulder - blade plate. (Richly decorated and burial adolescents Sunghir).

http://library.ime.ru/docs/000537/HTMLs/Glavi/el00_02.htm

Co. Unfortunately, the history of burial rites in the light of the Paleolithic traditions in the lands Russia poorly studied. Although the English Wikipedia allows Paleolithic tradition.

http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burial; PZ)



Archaeologist in "dead houses" found glass beads, including gold-plated. These even came here from Egypt, where the technology of their manufacture was developed in the last century BC. er. Most probable center of production of these beads is Alexandria. To the north of the forest at the turn of eras it was expensive "prestige" ornaments. Apparently, they, like other imported jewelry, received in exchange for furs and Roman coins. Although they could fall and as war booty, a different way.
Dissemination of new burial rites, the findings of the steppe arms, waist headset southern decorations indicate the appearance here at the turn of the eras of new population groups from south-east of the Volga. The source area of migration, according to AN Bashenkina, was somewhere in the steppe zone. This is extremely dislike neonormanizmu stubbornly novice national history of almost a thousand years of this period.

Ptolemy, in the beginning of our era, about the sacred mountains Reap (Reef, now a part of the Valdai) lived Sarmatians Basilio (kings Sarmatia). It showed itself Aorses and Alans. Gore Alan pointed out by other authors and sources Borisphen (Dnieper) http://www.proza.ru/2010/02/10/227; http://www.proza.ru/2009/03/31/170; http: / / www.trinitas.ru/rus/doc/0211/008a/Altar_Kesarya.pdf; http://www.bg-znanie.ru/article.php?nid=34113 etc.

Penetration of the steppe population groups continued in the beginning by. er.: this is evidenced by the appearance of burial rites of burial. The earliest mounds in the area studied in the repository Bashenkinym Chagoda-1 on p. Chagodosche. Their diameter -10-14 meters, height - 0,2-0,8 meters. In the manner of cremation burials a large number of burial items, similar in composition, "House of the Dead" (see fig.). In the cemetery Chagoda-I found and the oldest in northern Russia iron bridle with cheek-pieces. This is the first reliable evidence of the horse to move. Here were found two-headed bronze ridge suspension related to the first centuries by. er. This is probably the earliest images of horses in the Russian North, if - of course - do not start with the Paleolithic Sunghir horses (she of the Russian North near, on the outskirts of Vladimir) ..

Already in the IV-V centuries BC, along with small mounds begin to be erected and the huge funerary structures up to 8 meters in diameter and 30 meters - the burial of Ust-White-I, Kurevaniha. The erection of such structures require considerable labor costs. The ability to use large workforce in the production sphere indicates a fairly high level of development of productive forces. On the other hand, the existence of huge monumental burial structures, essentially a "forest of the pyramids, along with small mounds and clearly shows the existence of social stratification in poly (y Bashenkina on unproven tradition - the Finno-Ugric) society of the time.
Barrows from 1 - 2 centuries, the "forest of the pyramid" 4 - 5 cc. BC northeast Ilmen "semi-official science" forgive AN Bashenkinu and equal to him in the objectivity and diligence of the researchers can not.

In general, the scientist said that in the near Novgorod western part of the Vologda region in the first half of I millennium AD. er. - From the days of "going to the Apostle Andrew and references Wends - develops bright distinctive culture. About sustainable development and prosperity of her show saturation products of ferrous and nonferrous metals, prestigious precious things from distant countries, to devote significant human resources in the non-"spiritual" sphere and, of course, security of food resources in integrated farming, which includes hunting, herding, fishing and agriculture. In the presence of a large number of animals and birds in the forests, fish in ponds in this population was probably little need to cultivate crops, and the role of agriculture has been limited.
AN Bashenkin notes that the first mention in written sources on the population living in an area and the Vologda region, to the mid-VI century BC. er. In the work of Gothic historian Jordan, grade in 551 year, the list of the northern tribes between chudyu and Merey mention all. (And even in Ptolemy and other Late author details in the region are many: PZ) According to the researchers, this information is picked up Jordan from an earlier source of the IV century, describing the path from the Baltic to the Black Sea through the upper Volga. Later, an old Russian chronicler, describing the events of the IX century, also speaks of habitation between Vesey and chudyu Merey in White Lake. On this basis, we can assume that all lived in Belozerye and at an earlier time. About the population that lived in the eastern region, messages written sources I millennium AD. er. no archaeological sites are poorly understood. But this region is habitat fissagetov time of Herodotus http://www.proza.ru/2010/04/11/645
etc.

In V-VI centuries by. er. independent development of culture in the southwest region were interrupted by settling in the area chronicle kryvichy-Slavic or Balto-Slavic population - which belongs to the so-called culture of long barrows. Burial VI - IX centuries, which would be traced funerary traditions of the first half of I millennium AD. er., archaeologists are unknown. Funeral rites of the population culture of long mounds was noticeably different from a funeral ceremony prior to the time of burial items of inventory have no prototypes in local antiquities. Krivichi moved from the southwest along the rivers Kobozhe, Pesya, Chagodosche, Mologa probably - assimilating or displacing the local population.

In mid-May the century it could be a movement of the Slavs, as reflected in the epic of the wars of Attila and Holmgard. And in the middle of the 6 century in these movements could affect and Slavic-Avar conflicts or the formation of Slavs bases to counter any enemy.
Previously it was assumed that the Slavic population appears in the Vologda region in IX-X centuries. Excavations of burial mounds in the culture of long Chagoda district near the village of Stulova (Warsaw gateway-I) and at the village at the confluence of Mishin. White to p. Kobozhu gave material V - VI centuries. Archaeological dating has been confirmed by radiocarbon: the coal for one of the mounds at the Ust-White received the date of 1460 ± 30 years (LE 4562), for another - 1450 ± 60 years (LE 3549): 540 ± 30 AD . er.
A little later, in 1989, during excavations in the same area Chagoda burial culture of long barrows Lyubahin-I on the River. Pesya Bashenkinu and was lucky enough to find a burial containing silver pendants lunnitsy originating from Western Europe, where they fairly accurately dated to the end of IV - the first half of V century BC. er. Burial in a culture of long barrows were made at the cremation ceremony on the side of the placement of the remains of burning in a long, rectangular or round mounds. Met and children's burial.
New discoveries of archaeologists further concretize the Late Antique and Early Medieval history of the future well-known districts of Novgorod and Novgorod. AN Bashenkin Vologda region in ancient and medieval times. "

That's one of the cards 16 th century according to Ptolemy (2 century AD). It can be compared with other similar cards. Wends there. But where on the map uniquely Finns and especially the Balts? Sometimes see a "boruskah" Prussians, but this is just one version. Since the data is encyclopedic Ptolemy "spoil" Balto-Slavic Russia Finnish subbase (Veneman, curve), ethnic information, the great ancient geographer often try to downplay every way.

Part of the immigrants from the Baltic states (in Ptolemy is predominantly Wends), estimated Sedov, primarily settled on the elevated areas Srednenemanskoy ridges, mostly in the basin of Neris-Vilija. This area was formerly inhabited by a large polietnosom characterized Hatched Pottery Culture. Resettlement of population groups, leads to the disappearance of this culture (the end of IV - beginning in V).. Part of the settlement Hatched Pottery ceases to exist, in other fixed inokulturnye bedding with a specific rough pottery. At the same time here gaining an entirely new type of burial antiquities - a mound ritual. Part of the mounds at the base has a crown, built from stones and other mounds were composed almost entirely of stone. Height of embankments 0,5-1,2 m. The dead were buried after the manner of inhumation in groundwater wells.

Once again it is worth remembering that the burial rites of burial developed in the Northern Black Sea at least a few millennia. There are antique jewelry and southern counterparts with vyemchatoy enamel manzhetovidnym bracelet krestovidnym suspensions, certain types of fibulae, Spurs, etc. That is not to see a direct analogy only in west-Balt region.
For thousands of years, observed and anthropological diversity in many polietnosah. It is noted that the population has abandoned stone-earthen mounds end of IV - V centuries. Was inhomogeneously in anthropological terms. Men and women belonged to different anthropological types: men - a thin-faced gracilis, parallels that found among the early medieval yatvyagov Suwalki, women - to moderate a massive, broad type.

By Vladimir Sedov, a situation can only be explained by the fact that the alien population, which brought to the Middle Ponemane Kurgan rites and rough pottery, mostly male and had it entered into marriage with women of another tribe. But unfortunately, because of the dominance ritual cremation, as in previous times, and in the early Middle Ages to identify the specific origin of the female part of the population according to anthropology is not possible. Although all the thin-faced archaeologist wrote in yatvyagi, not being able to ask them about it.

Together with Rybakov and other researchers VV Sedov spoke to the period of the King of Scythia and Germany Germanarich, which strengthened the power of the Black Sea to the Baltic Sea near the middle of 4 centuries. But the impact of the power to trace the archaeological material in the summary did not work, though remember much of B-shaped buckles and other things that at that time were widely distributed in Europe.
The fact that the power used Germanarich fascist ideology for its anti-Russian aspirations - "Slaves can only be forever slaves, slave." But the power Germanarich was very multinational. And it could come to power since the Great Scythia variety of ethnic groups. And soon it showed famous Gunniya from Siberia to France.


Indicators of power and distribution is partly lunnits P;lten with inlay and beading. SY Kargapol'tsev, IA Bajan Evolution tricorn peltovidnyh lunnits in Europe (III-VI cent.) / / St. Petersburg Archaeological Journal. Vol. 7. 1993. S. 113-120.


In summary the work of Vladimir Sedov is the transition to the famous "culture of Pskov long barrows, a considerable number of submitted and in the pool ilmenite. But still starts the spread of the culture around since the formation of power Germanarich, composed together with the Goths, and Wends from Herulians golteskifov, tiudov (2), inaunksov (3 - in the Neva River and the lower reaches of the Volkhov) vasinabronkov (All) merens (5) , mordens (6), imniskarov (7), horns (8), tadzans (9), ataul (10), navego, bubegenov, Cold (here, the researchers were given the "rosomonov" see elements of a future formula of Russian chronicles - Rus, and chyud TNI yazytsi: all, Merya, Mordovians ...). Golteskifov (1) refers to the Balts and linked to chronicle golyadyu, but this is again one of the versions. Even more so - the title clearly underlines the attraction of this ethnic group to late Scythians. And in AN Bashenkinu analogues of mounds detected in the area for several centuries before.
By Vladimir Sedov, in the middle of I millennium BC (About 500 g) large masses of people settle in the basins of Lakes Pskov and ilmenite. Prior to these lands belonged to the area of culture textile ceramics and belonged to the Baltic-Finnish population, a significant role in the economy which played assigns forms of economic activity. " No absolute proof of ownership of these multi-ethnic cultures of one of the Finno-Baltic States or Hungarians there. Especially, AN Bashenkin fixes coming here and people from the south.
The roots of culture are close dyakovskoy and other "Gorodishche cultures", whose carriers persistently built fort wartime Cimmerians and Scythians, and then Great Scythia and the Great of Persia. These cultures were also multi-ethnic - incorporates a number of ethnic groups indoevaropeytsev, Finno-Ugric peoples and the Turks, with the probable presence, and the northern Semites (in the district of Azov, they have consistently lived).

VP Zolin. Veneman
"The Emigrants 500," noted primarily funerary monuments - long barrows Pskov type. This - valoobraznye low earth mounds from 10-12 to 100 meters or more in length, usually located next to the circular (hemispherical) mounds. Among the latter, there are synchronous long, and later, is related to the Russian Middle Ages.
Changing cultures - an important point. Each long barrow (or simultaneous round) concludes with several, sometimes dozens of graves in the cremation ceremony. Cremation of the dead was accomplished aside from the "graveyard", and the remnants of burnings, collected from the pyre, placed in different locations burial mounds. Part of the graves met in pits dug in the grounds of mounds, apparently, even before the construction of embankments. The bulk of the burial made then finished in mounds or in pits, or directly on the surface. In some mounds recorded small disposal sites, which were arranged during the construction of embankments. Long barrows Pskov type spread to the river basins of the Great, Lovat, Msta, Luga, Mologa and partially Chagodoschi. Somehow they seem to outline the center of early medieval Novgorod region - in other words Ilmen with their epic Slovenian, on the spot which was to stand Novgorod (Fig. 60 on the book by Vladimir Sedov).

The area of Pskov long barrows: a - burial mounds with long Pskov type b - Occurrences brasletoobraznyh temple rings the middle of I millennium BC, in the - range tushemlinsko-bantserovskoi culture; r - range pozdnedyakovskoy Culture
When the north polietnosov movement, including the Slavs, the culture is of long barrows and close to her, in the south is also quite active Slavs and their allies. Especially in the movement Vitaliano, cousin influential Alan Aspar (Ispora Russian epos; whence Izborsk?).

Byzantium in the V - early VI century
Vladimir Sedov admitted that the custom building of long barrows was not brought by settlers, and was born just when they settled in Novgorod and Pskov land. Excavations established - long preceded the ground burial mounds. Half a century ago, GP Grozdilov in a burial ground near Lezgi Izborsk near one of the elongated mounds of clay found in burial ritual cremation. It was situated in a small pit and was accompanied by the few implements, the typical culture of Pskov long barrows. In those years, SN Orlov (teacher of this writer) investigated the burial ground in uroch. Mare's head in between the villages and bands Samokrazha in lower stream. Msta. Remains of cremation is also placed in a shallow round pits. All burials were bezynventarnymi, but the location of the burial ground near the mound group, including long barrows allowed include a monument to the beginning of the Middle Ages (and then confirmed it and radiocarbon dates).

Already in the 70 years in research on the lake. I will go to Hvoyninskom district of the Novgorod region. EN Nosov (now a member of the RAS) was discovered burial ground, located next to the long barrows. Excavated seven tombs in small pits, two of which were modeled in clay urns, pots, and three were accompanied by the glove inventory (sintered blue glass beads, fragments of bronze plates and bracelet fused pieces of bronze and iron knife). This burial ground is clearly preceded by a long barrows.
The vast majority of graves in the long barrows of Pskov type is bezurnovymi and bezynventarnymi. Duffel findings are scarce. This is - small, round convex bronze plaques, commonly referred to as "plaques-shells", kolpachkoobraznye plaques with wide flange, buckles (Fig. 61:1-2), knives, clay spindles (Fig. 61:5), alloys of glass beads, trochlear steels, which have both ancient counterparts.
Molded pottery culture Pskov long barrows (Fig. 61:3 - 4, 6-8) is heterogeneous. A relatively small part of the vessels can stock form and has, apparently, goes back to the ceramics community, for someone still only a "Baltic-Finnish. The bulk of the ceramic material is similar in both synchronous "Slavic" antiquities Povislenya (settlement Seligo at Plock, excavated B. Szymanski and similar monuments sukovsko-dzedzitskoy culture), and among the pottery tushemlinsko-bantserovskoy culture prevalent in the third quarter I th BC In Verhnedniprovsk-Dvina region.
By Vladimir Sedov, to determine the chronology of cultures Pskov long barrows usually attract plaque-shells, trochlear steels and V-shaped belt buckle. Plaque-shells are similar in Estonia Liv antiquities, which they dated to II-VI centuries. Among the materials under VI. Such findings are no longer available. Trochlear quartzite steels in the monuments of south-eastern Baltic region have been used predominantly in the VI-VII centuries. (Clarification: ER Mikhailova Foundation of the bottom date of the Pskov long barrows)

Flea and ceramic finds of cultural Pskov long barrows
1-3, 5, 7 - Dorokhov, 4 - Mihailovskoe, 6, 8 - Jankovic, 1,2 - clasps, 3, 4, 6-8 - pottery, 5 - clay spindle
More specific date for early graves in Pskov long barrows give the B-shaped grooved buckle. Acquainted with one of these discoveries originating from the burial mound in a long Polibino on top Lovat, J. Werner noted that the nearest analogy to it are in Central European material. In particular, these buckles are among the inventories of burial Prittsir (Mecklenburg, in whose district the Rurik), the most recent graves which date back to the first half of V in. Given the remoteness polibinskoy findings of the average range, and J. Werner dated her in the second half of the V.
The same type B-shaped buckles come from the burial mounds and Lindor Rysna Saar-II on the west coast of Lake Pskov, as well as from areas of Meta and Mologa. The most eastern finding the B-shaped buckles in the Novgorod land met in six burial mound Ust-Belaya IV on the River. Kabozhe. AN Bashenkin dates this mound in the second half of the V. (Radiocarbon date of 490 ± 30). IA Bajan and SY Kargapol'tsev, specially engaged in the chronology of the B-shaped buckles with ribs, tend to limit the time of their existence in the culture of Pskov long barrows first to third quarters of V in.
Bajan IA Kargapol'tsev SY A category of early medieval antiquities
As the work of AN Bashenkina, work IA Bajan and SY Kargapol'tsev, other real relatively young archaeologists and historians of our "neonormanistsky ofitsiz" loves very much. Act VV Sedov is that by these works - some is not working on his concept - principal investigator has not passed.

As a result, the first long barrows in the Lake Pskov and ilmenite should be assigned to V in. Perhaps to his first half (and this time from the Roissy-Rugily to Attila). Hence, the very migration in Ilmen, given that the original settlers buried their dead in the old tradition - in the necropolis of groundwater, should be dated, or V in the first half. or overseas IV and V centuries. This time Radogasta and Alaric, which displays in 405 - 410 years. Hundreds of thousands of north-east of Europe to conquer Rome. And some members of the campaigns to return to their homeland.
If still not supported by archaeological (dig some more centuries) in the Novgorod land of the events of the history of that period still need to know.
After the death of King Kniva at 283, the Ostrogoths (district of Crimea and the north) to 317, he headed Atal (Helderih). Up to 350 rules of the King Agiulf (Guibert, the last of the dynasty, Balto, from the Baltic Sea). King Jaromir (Ermanarik, Hermanaric) in 351-376 years. gained power over nearly all the nations of Scythia and Germany, on the Black Sea to the Baltic. This power he took away the Huns and their allies, led by Prince Balamber (Velimir), which is from 382 g.smenyali Mundzuk and Rugila (Roas to them slightly to the right and Donatoni Haraton), father and uncle of Attila the Great, who continued the tradition of "Royal Scythians . Polietnos Huns played an important role in shaping the northern arhonstv Slavs.
Cricket-principalities affinity groups within the huge power is not always spilled over its borders and is reflected in foreign istochnikah.No settlers from Scythia and Germany have consistently led to power in Rome, "its emperors."



Cricket-principalities affinity groups within the huge power is not always spilled over its borders and is reflected in foreign istochnikah.No settlers from Scythia and Germany have consistently led to power in Rome, "its emperors." These were Diocletian (284-305) and Maximian (286-305,307-310), for their victory over the Sarmatians in 285, 289, 294 years. repeatedly took the title of Sarmatian.
In the lower reaches of the Danube in the empire from 297 was officially released province Scythia (now the Black Sea part of Romania and Bulgaria), where the Scythians, Sarmatians were a significant and stable part of the population. Some of the Scythians continued to beat others to the glory of the empire, which held the outpost of their policies and Chersonese (Sevastopol) in the Crimea, the land tavroskifov.
Geta-goths were close to the Scythians and Alans Germanize they are part of a later date. Along with the change of power in Rome and the change of government occurred naBospore, surrounding the Sea of Azov. King (basileus) in 285-308 years. became Thothorses (Sauromates V?), son Kriskona (Krynka), possibly Alan. Consonance Fefan, Fovr, Fovrony, Hris, Kryvets and the like is in the Novgorod birch bark. Then, in 309-322 years. "King of kings" was Radamsad, reminds us of the chronicle of the Slavs-Radimichy, plenty of names on the "happy: race" in the medieval Russia (although the chroniclers were from Poles Ratko Radimichy). Yes, and appeared in about a century from the Baltic Radogaysa (Radogosta).
It is assumed that these Bospor kings no longer worshiped the Roman Emperor Tiberius born Julio (Tivertsy "and" caught "), as it did before them the Bosporus Reskuporidov dynasty.
Diocletian and his co-rulers, using the faithful of the Scythians, were able to patch up the border while at the lower reaches of the Danube. Then Sauromates with troops from Meotida broke through the Roman outposts in the Caucasus, came to the river for centuries attracted the Scythians Galicia (in the lower reaches of Sinop) and kept the road to Byzantium. Diocletian around 293 immediately dispatched troops Constance chlorine (ok.250-306), the future father of Constantine the Great, who had already been held hostage and was educated at the court of Diocletian.

Chlorine was "unable to compete with them," lost many soldiers and prisoners of war under the contract promised Sarmatians give a lot of gold. Diocletian through envoys failed to convince Crimean headed Hrestom, son Papiya (Pope Scythians called Zeus), to capture the city Sauromates Bosporus (Kerch) and the fortress on Meotida, future Russian Tmutarakan principality. Sauromates troops were forced to give prisoners refuse the tribute, and returned home. Companions Hresta returned captured. His ambassadors, along with chlorine were in Rome, received rich gifts from the emperor, have great benefits for the Crimea.
Diocletian, "readily conceded their request, generously granted them the rights and freedoms, the complete freedom from taxes, which are sometimes paid Chersonese Rome around since the days of Nero. Sarmatian title in 294, the Diocletian took the third time, Maximian again, and Chlorine and galleries for the first time.
The peoples of Scythia (Sarmatia) intensified and the onslaught of the Danube. Grown up Constantine (285 - Emperor: 306 -337), about 303 participated in a retaliatory campaigns against the Sarmatians. A young man "grabbed by the hair savage barbarian, and brought him to the feet of the Emperor" Galeria (number of emperors of Rome when it came to six).
Son of Chlorine then personally showed the way to the Sarmatians through the swamp, which indicated that it at least not as bad scout, if not indicated on the personal connection with the Sarmatians. Diocletian pressure Christians to "voluntarily" left the throne, Chlorine rules about a year, and from 306, when the son of chlorine found freedom (no longer a hostage), the Empire intensified the struggle for power. Son of Maximian, Maxentius - who is married to the daughter of Galerius - rebelled against the Eastern forces supported by North and Constantine.

North fled to Ravenna, but was tricked returned to Rome and brought to the suicide. Maximian, defying age, who personally went through the Alps and offered his daughter Fausta to Constantine, involving him in their policies. Marriage and gave the title of son-in-August. But Constantine has maintained and Licinius, married his sister (paternal chlorine), and galleries, fiercely battling for power .. Last "at the head of a vast army, typed in Illyria and in the East, came to Italy ... to destroy the Senate and put to the sword all the Roman people. "
Similar to it did Sulla, and by age is to repeat the Scythians Alaric and Radogays. Galerius November 11 307 proclaimed emperor Licinius, responsible for defense of the empire from the Danube. He justified the trust in June 310g. once again denounced the Sarmatians.
Autumn 312 by Constantine the eastern mercenaries already took and plundered Rome, defeating an army of Maxentius and the beheading of her cousin.
Under the influence of the mother Helen and religious communities son Chlorine legalized in 313 AD, Christianity in the empire, though he himself almost to the end remained a pagan. Taxes on the Roman nobility were sharply increased. Illyrian legions went through the school sample and Diocletian, Constantine helped to consistently beat his opponents in the district of Sirmium, and in other places. The enemy was, and Licinius, too, attracted to its policy of natives of Scythia. But in 323 he was assassinated in Thessaloniki by the Scythians (Goths, etc.) at the behest of Constantine.
He has consistently included in their possession Pannonia, Dalmatia, Dacia, Thrace, Moesia, Macedonia, traditionally populated by "Scythian farmers". Began the transformation of Byzantium in Constantinople - the "second Rome", the capital of the empire. In the repeated battles with the Romans, King Sarmatia Radamsad (Revsimod, etc.) died. Scythians in the lower reaches of the Danube about 320 was raised a powerful revolt.
Constantine thought, "said his father's constant o blagomyslii and allied friendship hersonitov and sent to the country hersonitov ambassadors that they were against the country of the Scythians, and fought with the rebels." Troops Diogenes, son of Diogenes, made their way from the Crimea to the Danube and defeated the Scythians. The emperor invited to know hersonitov to Byzantium, richly endowed, has confirmed the rights, freedoms and freedom from taxes. Thousands of Crimean guardsmen were taken at the annual imperial content. Constantine gave the city his gold ring-binder for printing reports and requests.
He has designed a special document all agreements. Donated to decorate the Chersonese (now Sevastopol) "golden statue of a royal robe and clasp, and a crown of gold." War Chersonese with the Bosporus (Bosporus kingdom, the future Tmutarakan principality) to the glory of the nascent Byzantium erupted with renewed force.
Bet on the Chersonese and the Empire did centuries later. Around 325, Constantine, "send a campaign against the Germans, Sarmatians, and ready force of the cross and won a great victory, ruining them, turned in a miserable slavery."

Already in the 327/328, the action again - the emperor, after crossing the Danube, built a bridge on it and conquered the Scythians. "
VP Zolin. Dates on the tape 7517
As a result of this and other hikes in the devastated country of cold and hunger killed hundreds of thousands of residents. They inevitably cursed "homeland" and fled to the bread and warmer climes, were ready to serve any relatively friendly kings. The peoples of Scythia in the annual remuneration had to be sent to Constantine about 40 thousand soldiers. Scythians allow trade with the Danube, which led northerners and in the days Anacharsis. Which the traditional exchange of hostages. In the court of Constantine received training Aorih (Aorses), son of the king of the Scythians, ready Ariariha. In honor of Aoriha in Constantinople put an equestrian statue, and Constantine himself depicted Apollo up to thirty meters.
Rebuilt Byzantium in 330 AD became Constantinople (Constantinople Russian chronicles). Around that time, "slaves of the Sarmatians rebelled against all the masters.
Constantine gladly accepted and shared expelled more than 300 thousand of both sexes in Thrace, Scythia, Macedonia and Italy ... "
April 20 332 north of the Danube Emperor "destroyed the strongest and the very numerous tribes ready in the very bosom of barbarous lands, ie Sarmatians in the country ... "Got whether he, as Claudius in I. Decius or a W in., to the lower reaches of the Don - is uniquely difficult to answer. The authors of that time clarified that the Sarmatians, Scythians gentlemen drove it.
Constantine, the early medieval estimates, allegedly "the first summed up under the yoke of the births of the Scythians and Savromat, had never known slavery, forcing them even against the wishes of the Romans to recognize their masters. In fact the Scythians former rulers (Empire) even pay tribute, and the Romans were barbarians annual installments of tribute. " exiles from Scythia, as suitable for "military service scored in the troops" (VDI, 1949, № 3, s.269, 1948, № 3, s.233).
Many persons habitually flooded Pannonia (Hungary and Yugoslavia) - A sample home and other close praslavyanam emperors. The Byzantine emperors were considered descendants of the Scythian king, "Achilles and Alexander of Macedon, who had difficult relations with the Scythians, where the headwaters of the Don noted famous in antiquity" Alexandrova altars "(the sanctuary in memory of Macedon).
Constantine the Great, continuing the policy of Hadrian, Maximin. The sample of Diocletian, formed a special relationship of Byzantium and the people of Scythia, where the empire, like Rome or Persia earlier, in many ways has always had his agents and provizantiyski minded group. By itself, moving the capital closer to Scythia (even from Don Week seaway with a tail wind) symbolized many things - especially the growing influence of Scythian immigrants on all aspects of imperial life.
Where are these amazing power facts of national history is our history? Clearly, it's hard to find these facts and in the foreign mirrors world history.

Placing an electronic version made publicly available: www.booksite.ru. All rights reserved.
Where to stay in the library "RusArh: 2006 AN Bashenkin http://www.rusarch.ru/bashenkin1.htm
The founder and curator of the library "RusArh - Doctor of Architecture, Professor, Honored Worker of Culture of Russia Sergei Volfgangovich Zagraevsky. http://www.rusarch.ru/info.htm)

On a more profound history, AN Bashenkin summarizes the relatively well-known.

About 12.10 thousand years ago, a sharp warming - is the end of the glacial epoch. Glacier retreats outside the region, rising temperatures and humidity, the present system consists of rivers and lakes, formed a new flora and fauna. Mammoths and extinct bison, subject to forest animals: elk, wild boar, bear, beaver, and others. It was during this period (IX-VI millennium BC. Er.) Occurred in the full development of man the area and this time he would never leave her. Parking lot of the Middle Stone Age, or as it is otherwise called archaeologists, Mesolithic, and cover the whole territory of the region from Vytegra and Chagody in the west to the Great Ustyug and Nikolskaya in the east. It is now known for more than 200 Mesolithic sites. Colonization occurred in the west and south. They were small mobile groups of hunters for deer, elk, wild boar, beaver and other animals and birds. From domestic animals have rights then there was only a dog.
      
Most parking lots of the time small in size, deposited cultural layer is negligible. Most often, such parking space located on a high native river, covered at present by a pine forest (==== but it's a familiar location of hundreds of settlements in the Late Antique and Medieval "cities" of Russia: PZ). Some of the same lot, especially on the lakes, are located directly at the water's edge at the level of the modern or below. The reason is that the level of water in ancient times vary considerably. Part of the parks is seasonal, such as for fish spawning or at the time of hunting for migratory birds. Fishing in general has played a minor role. Hunting contributed to the success of widespread use of bow and arrow fitted with a sharp stone or bone tips. Key findings in the Mesolithic park - stone products made from flint and slate. This scrapers, scraper, arrowheads, tools, nozhevidnye plate for composite shells, cores, axes, adzes and other implements. Rarer items from the bone - harpoons and arrowheads. At sites excavated SV Oshibkinoy and NV Kosorukovoy on rivers Kobozhe, Pesya, the Court, the average Suhone1, found the remains of dwellings with hearths.

      Despite the similarities in material culture of Mesolithic sites do not constitute a unity in the cultural sense. Based on the topography of the sites, specific techniques of splitting the flint, the differences in its processing, the types of guns and their combinations, there are several groups of sites, and various cultural and chronological relationships. Differences in culture are related, apparently, so that the territory of the region new people from different regions. However, the selection of individual cultures and determination of the source areas of migration - the case for further research.
      At the turn of the VI-V centuries BC. er. in the forest zone of Eastern Europe is replaced by a new period of Mesolithic - Neolithic. This period is characterized by the appearance of ceramics - tableware made of clay. The territory of the Vologda Region manufacturing technology of ceramics was brought from more southern areas. Time it appears in the region until the end is unclear because of the almost complete absence of radiocarbon dates for Neolithic sites. It should be noted that the parking lot Tudozero-V in Vytegra area studied detachment of the expedition under the leadership of M. Ivanisheva, for a layer with ceramics obtained radiocarbon date indicates the end of the VI millennium BC. E.2. However, the triviality of the date and the possibility of referring to the earlier Mesolithic complex present in the parking lot, does not yet allow to safely rely on it. Pottery Tudozer-ray parking characterized resistant forms, rather complicated patterns and relates to the so-called culture "sperrings", known in Karelia and Finland. A similar pottery is also found in several parking areas north-west region. Early Neolithic comb pottery found NG Nedomolkinoy river Vologda and us on the river Yagorbe at Cherepovets. However, it is still isolated finds, and the study of early Neolithic is only beginning. Most sites related to culture Pit-Comb Ware. The region now known to hundreds of sites, and several cemeteries. This culture, which occupies a vast territory from the White Sea to the northern Ukraine and the Baltic to the Volga-Kama interfluve, got its name from the pottery decorated with comb impressions and pits of the stamp (Fig. 2, 3). According to the hypothesis of a famous archaeologist D. A Krainova, the original territory of its formation is the Lake District White, Onega, Vozha, Lacha3. Culture dates back to IV-III millennium BC

      The Neolithic period to the period of climatic optimum, characterized by a favorable combination of heat and moisture. The average annual temperature was higher than today's. Dramatically increased the role of fisheries. On the basis of a sustainable source of power there was a shift to permanent settlements. Parking lot located on the banks of reservoirs, concentrating on the outputs of the rivers from lakes and rivers on the ducts, in places most convenient for fishing. Apparently, during this period was rapid population growth.

      In the manufacture of guns has made significant progress: evolving technique of polishing, grinding, sawing and drilling of stone, are numerous chopping tools - axes, chisels, adzes, necessary for construction of houses, boats and other works. Flint tools have a two-way touch-up, expanding their range, are becoming more varied forms. Dwellings were ground. Parked Andozero-II SV Oshibkinoy was investigated rectangular housing measuring 7x10 meters with ochagom4.
      The ancient people who left the Neolithic, there was a ritual burial of the dead in the parking lots or even in homes. This ritual is characteristic of the Neolithic forest belt from the Baltic to the middle Volga and Oka. Orientation and position of the buried unstable. This is clearly seen in the cemetery at St. Cyril's Karavaiha area where A. Bryusov investigated 37 pogrebeniy5. Many burials sprinkled with red ocher (====== tradition comes from the Paleolithic Kostenki and Sunghir: PZ). Deceased relatives, seem to inspire fear of living, and therefore the filling of graves placed large boulders to prevent the exit of the dead from their graves. Neolithic burial bombarded with ocher burials investigated NG Nedomolkinoy Vologda River at its confluence with the river Veksy6.
      
      
      About the middle of the III millennium BC. er. to the region from the south extends a new population, abandoned parking lot belonging to the so-called Volosovsky culture that existed until the middle of the II millennium BC. er. It is characterized by porous ceramic, stone processing flourishes, guns acquired perfect form. At sites found flint figurines of animals, birds and fish, made in the realistic style and are original works of art (Fig. 4,5). In the III millennium BC. er. consist of trade and exchange relations with the population of remote regions, in particular the Baltic states. In cemeteries, and at sites III - beginning of II millennium BC. er. found in sufficiently large quantities of Baltic amber jewelry. By Volosovsky culture refers to the well-known parking Modlona Cyril area where A. Bryusov were investigated buildings on svayah7. Backbone of the economy Volosovsky tribes still were hunting and fishing.
The first copper and bronze articles appear in the region at the beginning of II millennium BC. er. This time - the Bronze Age (II - early I millennium BC. Er.) - Is the least studied. In the area known to many sites of the Bronze Age, but few have been subjected to excavation. Copper and bronze in the settlements are extremely rare. Some of them are imported, but it certainly made that part of the inhabitants of parking. Thus, at settlement Pavshino-II on the River South area during the excavation of Veliky S.Yu. Vassiliev found fragments of crucibles, two copper awl, tip strely8. The settlement is related to the Kama-Urals range of cultures of the Bronze Age.

      At the beginning of II millennium BC. er. the territory of the Upper Volga region from the west invaded by tribes Fatyanovo culture. These tribes were in the range of cultures "battle axes" and "Corded" spread over vast areas of Europe. Population Fatyanovo culture already mastered agriculture and animal husbandry, manufacturing products made of copper and bronze. Settlements and cemeteries Fatyanovo culture in the region are not yet known, but found dozens of "war" on the ax Fatyanovo Sheksna, White Lake, Vologda, Sukhona (Fig. 6). Apparently as a result of contacts with the local population fatyanovtsami acquainted with the animal husbandry and farming, but hunting and fishing for a long time continued to play a leading role in the economy.
      Around the middle of the II millennium BC. er. on settlements appears brand new ceramics, which feature - the presence on the outer surface of the vascular tissues of prints or reprints of special stamps, prints reminiscent of fabric or mesh. Population Culture "netted" ceramics by most researchers regarded as Finno-Ugric. Settlement with the net ceramics are known almost throughout the region and exist until the first centuries of our era.
      In the beginning I millennium BC. er. in the forest zone of Eastern Europe mastered iron smelting from local marsh and meadow ore. According to archaeological periodization is an early Iron Age, the upper (higher) boundary is defined by V century. er. In the region of iron smelting and manufacturing of its tools, weapons and other objects are not used later than the VII-VI centuries BC. er. The earliest articles of iron found in the village of Wex under Vologdoy9 and forth on the river Kurevaniha Mologa in Ustyuzhna rayone10.


           On the mound Kurevaniha-XIII, which contains only reticulated ceramics, during excavations MG Vasenin in 1992 found two sewing, and small fragments of iron objects. On the mound was made another important discovery: in the cultural layer found numerous pieces of iron slag. This suggests that the objects of iron were produced here, rather than were brought from somewhere else. Coal was obtained from the excavations of the date of 2860 ± 60 years (LE 3559). Early dating of the settlement confirms the complete absence of glass beads, brass ornaments, except for one pin. Characteristic of the small number of iron artifacts. Iron was then rare and expensive material, it took care of the broken or actuated guns were in a mess. In this context, significant is the fact that during the excavation found three sharpening bar with traces of use, but did not match any knife! However, in the end I millennium BC. er. - Early I millennium AD. er. production of objects made of iron in the south-western region - Ustyuzhna, Chagoda, Babayevskoye and Kaduyskom - was massive (Fig. 7).

      With the advent of the Iron Age fort and there - the settlements, fortified walls and moats. This definitely indicates that the inhabitants of the settlements have accumulated wealth, which had to be protected. Early Iron Age forts know a little more than a dozen, and they are all located in the southwestern part of the region - in the basins Mologa and courts. In many ways they are close to settlements dyakovskoy culture prevalent in the Volga-Oka interfluve and the Upper Volga. It should be noted that in the historical and cultural terms is the Iron Age is explicit separation of the two major regions: Western (pools Mologa and Sheksna) and eastern (pools Sukhona and Vaga).

    
      This division, apparently goes back to the Stone Age. In the eastern region more clearly traced the cultural influence of the Ural-Kama region. Monuments of the Early Iron Age in the pool Sukhona poorly understood in contrast to the western regions, where in recent years an intensive study led our expedition. Here were found not only stand out on the ground settlement, but unfortified settlements - Villages and cemeteries of different tipov11. The settlements are located on the edge Borovykh terraces, often on a bend in the river or at the confluence of the creek. At the earliest mound Kurevaniha-XIII poluzemlyanok found the remains, at the village town on the River. Chagode fixed ground dwelling on the site of Nikolsky-XV on the River. Court investigated the ring structure of columnar structure along the shaft with a diameter of about 30 meters and a width of 4 meters. A central settlement area remained undeveloped.
    
      Funerary monuments of the second half of I millennium BC. er. presented ground burials to cremation burials according to the rite. Remains of cremation were placed in small underground pits or on the ground surface (tombs Kurevaniha-XX Lyubahin-V on the river. Kobozhe, Chagoda-1). Things in the burials are rare: bronze beads, a knife with a crescent-backed arrowheads. In the end I millennium BC. er. there is a new rite of burial, when the remnants of burning are placed in clay vessels. Perhaps the appearance of urn burials associated with cultural impulses coming from the southwest. End of the I millennium BC. er. - Time of serious historical and cultural developments in the region, to express not only the appearance of urn burials, but in general, changing the whole culture. Along with ground burials appear burial ground wooden structures that have received literature in the name of "house the dead." "House of the Dead" is located on the outskirts of the settlements or in their vicinity. They were a log about the size of 5x4 meters. Inside the "house" were placed the remains of burials for cremation ceremony, some of them, probably in birch tueskah or in earthen vessels. Among the bones found a large quantity of burial items: arrowheads, knives, awls, buckles, pendants and belt clips. Of particular note was first discovered finds items steppe weapons: swords, daggers, scabbards pommel, bronze three-blade arrowhead. Female ornaments are delicate bronze plaques, various suspension pronizki, pins, beads. Most of these things has analogies in the Volga-Oka interfluve and Kama.

What has already been mentioned. http://www.rusarch.ru/bashenkin1.htm

http://www.rusarch.ru/bashenkin1.htm A. H. Bashenkin
ANCIENT LAND Ustyuzhenskaya

      Ustyuzhna today - a small town, lying on both sides of the picturesque Mologa in estuaries enchantment Higino. The antiquity of the city shows a well-preserved castle, situated in the estuary. Higino. From this and gave the name of the city - Ust-Higino - Ustyuzhna. The date of foundation of the city is 1252, which, of course, does not meet the historical reality. The emergence of ancient "city" in the estuary. Higino applies to the XI century and unfortified settlements - settlements and parking - have existed here long before that.

      The development of this territory became possible only about 10,000 years ago. Previously, she was covered in ice, and people here could not exist. 12.10 thousand years ago is melting glaciers, increased temperature and humidity, are formed close to the modern topography and hydrographic network. In place of the periglacial flora and fauna of the forest come with their inhabitants. It was at this time - Mesolithic - VIII - V millennium BC. er. and is developing River Basin Mologa. The district opened five Mesolithic sites - three in the village Kurevaniha, one near the village of Lipinka and one on the outskirts of Ustyuzhna on Igumnova clearing. All parking lots are located on the high banks Mologa. This probably indicates that the water level in the river was then higher than at present. One of the stops between the villages and Kurevaniha Lyubotovo was investigated by digging a detachment Severorusskoy archaeological expedition led by NV Kandakovoy.
      The excavations have shown that this is one of the most ancient sites of the Russian North. Radiocarbon analysis of charcoal from the parking lot, made at the Institute of Geology of the USSR, has defined its lifetime - about 10 thousand years ago. In the parking lot found stone arrowheads, knives, scrapers, chisels and other implements. Inhabitants were hunters in the parking lot of reindeer. Agriculture and animal husbandry had not yet been known, fishing and gathering played a secondary role. Could not yet produce the inhabitants of parking and simple pottery.
     article published in the collection Ustyuzhna: Historical and Regional Studies almanac. No. 1. Vologda, 1993. http://www.vao2009.ru/states/Baschenkin_1.html
http://www.proza.ru/2010/04/11/962


Unfortunately, these cross-cutting work on the archeology of the Novgorod region in the last quarter century has not seen. If you do not remember the book EN Nosov and V. Koneckogo "Mysteries of the Novgorod district." LA: Lenizdat, 1985. - 120., Il., 25 thousand copies.) But it dosrednevekovyu devoted a few pages.

The works of H. Bashenkina allow the subject to identify in the future of medieval Novgorod Land real traces - for example - Fiss-Goths (Herodotus), Aorses and Alans, Sarmatians, the king of the first centuries of our era. And it enriches the real history of our country.

© Copyright: Peter Zolin 2, 2011
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Peter! I am far from science that you so richly in terms of presenting information to us. However, to be historically ignorant person is bad. And I would be very grateful if you could have done some brief conclusions - what to look for.
Sincerely,
Abracadabra

Abracadabra 28.03.2011 20:30 • claimed a violation of rules / Delete
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Thank you. But to simplify the plots due to the abundance of the necessary facts is impossible. In this case, is part of the material showing the actual inclusion of land north-west Russia in the ethno-political processes since the Scythians and Sarmatians, making reference to the sources of the Internet. These materials also emphasize that the region had a very rich history long before the Vikings and Rurik.
Yours sincerely

Peter Zolin 2 28/03/2011 21:05 alleged violations of rules / Delete
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