Contradictions in known theories of quasars

Fundamental contradictions in known theories of quasars and ways of their solutions

Michael Prikhodovsky

Tomsk state univercity of control systems and radioelectronics

  Tomsk, e-mail: prihod1@yandex.ru 

We consider here the fundamental contradictions that haven’t been discussed before in contemporaneous theories. If in structure of quasars there are black holes, quasars cannot be the primary objects in the universe. If in spectrums of radiation of quasars there are heavy chemical elements, it contradicts that quasars existed 15 billion years ago.
Keywords:  quasar, redshift, universe.

In last decades there has been taken place an opinion of structure of quasars: quasar consists of a black hole and an accretion disk. Most of scientists accepted this point of view, but this model wasn’t yet proved, it has contradictions. So, quasars with big redshifts existed in nearby galaxies, for example, quasar with redshift 2,11 – in galaxy with redshift 0,0225 [1]. The contemporaneous theories can’t explain that.
 There is a second theory, its author is Halton Arp. He assumes that anomalous redshift explains with aid of component of speed. He says that quasars erupt typically from their parental galaxies. But this theory has also contradictions: if the redshift is a consequence of speed and the Doppler Effect, it is not clear why the vectors of speed of all quasars have direction exactly from the Earth, and not any quasars erupt from galaxies in the direction of the Earth. In this article the author has a goal to attract attention of the scientific association to the significant contradictions that never been discussed yet. They finally bring doubt about known models of quasars. 

Contradiction 1.  Discrepancy of model of evolution of  the universe and structure of quasars. Quasars were detected in a distance around 15 billion of light-years [2]. Supposedly, they were the very ancient objects in the universe. But this contradicts an assertion that for formation of black hole it is necessary the collapse of the star that before existed billions of years – the whole cycle of its existence.
Contradiction  2. There are in spectrums of quasars the lines of radiation of all of chemical elements. It could result from this a conclusion: all elements of the Periodic Table have existed already in a cloud of gas that forms accretion disk around black hole, in other words, they have existed already by formation of the universe. But they were synthesised by thermonuclear reactions in depths of stars, at first in the universe there was only hydrogen. So, all chemical elements cannot be in the spectrum of radiation of the most distant objects in the universe.
Contradiction  3. All researchers neglect the fact that issues from the Theory of Relativity. The time at the superficiality of a black hole is slowing down, and, according to an observer, the gravitational radius is changing asymptotically: we will never see a process of transformation of the object into a black hole, because for us it will happen at endless moment of time. Comparison of these facts results that “gravitational redshift” must be the principal cause of the redshift for waves radiated by quasars, it rushes symptotically to the infinity, in other words, radiation of objects, passing stage of transformation into black hole, must possess anomalous large redshift against the other objects of this galaxy.
Conclusions:
1.Quasars are much closer than it was considered; the distances to them were exaggerated.
 2.Age of quasars in reality is much less than it was considered.
 3.Energy of quasars mistakenly is considered dozens of thousand times bigger, it is illusion due to the application of Hubble’s law as a reason of redshift.
Instead of existing models of structure of quasars, it is suggested a “model of last stage”. The anomalous large redshift, due to whom quasars mistakenly are considered the very ancient objects in the universe, has natural physical cause:  before the stage of collapse this object passes the stage of quasi-black hole, in other words, so called “red hole”. When the quasar-object is in last stage before collapse and transformation into the black hole, at this time the gravitational redshift  is anomalous large and strives for infinity. The redshift of the object close to the transformation into the black hole is a much larger than it supposed to be, according to the Hubble’s law, therefore quasars with large redshifts can be located in nearby galaxies. It results that quasars are not primary objects in the universe; then it is naturally that in their spectrums can be different elements, but not only hydrogen. By this way, it can be possible to eliminate all mentioned above contradictions.    
References
[1]. URL: http://starburstfound.org/sqkblog/?p=138
[2]. URL: http://www.spaceref.com/news/viewpr.html?pid=10447
[3]. Halton Arp . Quasars, Red shifts and Controversies, 1987.