The role of programming in the modern world

УДК 001.895

THE ROLE OF PROGRAMMING IN THE MODERN WORLD

Gazizov I.N., Igoshin Ya.E.
Scientific advisor: A.A. Artamonova, lecturer
(Kazan National Research Technical University named after A.N. Tupolev)

Abstract. The article provides an overview of information technology development research.
Key words: Information technology, programming, computer literacy.

At the moment, digital technologies are closely related to the life of every person. Achievements in engineering and software development are used in almost all spheres of human activity. Smartphones, computers, cars, to name a few, are engineered and programmed. Engineering enables to improve devices at the physical level, reducing the size and increasing the quality and performance of many radio-electronic microelements, while programming helps to use the resulting computational power in the right direction. Electronic devices consist of microelements - processors, which are based on basic programs that perform certain tasks.
To consider this subject, it is necessary to gain insight into the key concepts:
• Information technology (IT) is a process that uses a set of means and methods for collecting, processing and transmitting data (primary information) to obtain information of a new quality about the state of an object, process or phenomenon.
• Computer literacy is a minimum set of computing skills and knowledge to use computer technology efficiently; understanding the computer science fundamentals and the importance of information technology in society.
• Information society is a society that is engaged in the production, storage, processing and sale of information.
• Informatization of society is an organized socio-economic, scientific and technical process of creating optimal conditions to meet information needs and realize the rights of citizens, state authorities, local governments, organizations, and public associations through the formation and implementation of information resources.
Every day the need for digital technologies is increasing, therefore, there is a great need to increase the volume and quality of digital technologies produced. Quality and quantity is one of the main parameters of a country's development. The prevalence of programming in a country plays the main role.
For the development of information technology, the following parameters are required: high computer literacy of the population and excellent programming skills.
Computer literacy of the population. For the IT development, it is necessary for people to be able and know how to use these technologies. To take a closer look at this subject, we have surveyed 100 people in order to examine the quality of computer literacy among the population of different ages. The results are shown in Table 1.
Table 1
High level of computer skills Intermediate level of computer skills Low level of computer skills Lack of computer skills
Ages 10-18 11 6 3 0
Ages 18- 35 7 5 6 2
Ages 35-50 3 6 7 4
Ages 50+ 0 3 10 7

Summing up the survey results, it is worth noting a sharp decline in computer literacy with increasing age. The decline can be explained by the fact that computer technologies have appeared relatively recently. But even among the younger generation, the percentage of computer literacy is low for the Information Age.
It is necessary to find the root of this problem. Most likely, the lack of interest in computers is due to the fact that children are not fostered their interest in computing since childhood. Schools usually either have no computer science classes included to their curricula, or allocate just few hours to the subject (about 1 hour a week, starting from grade 8). It is in the school that they should show many solutions that simplify the search, storage, structuring and use of useful information. Changing the curriculum to increase the number of hours for computer science.
Programming. The stage of information technologies development is impossible without programming. There are several types of software development models. In this article, we will consider the waterfall lifecycle model. This model provides for the sequential execution of software development stages. In other words, transition to the next stage of production is carried out only after the accomplishment of the current stage. In this model, the following main stages are discriminated:
1. System and software requirements: captured in a product requirements document
2. Analysis: resulting in models, schema, and business rules
3. Design: resulting in the software architecture
4. Coding: the development, proving, and integration of software
5. Testing: the systematic discovery and debugging of defects
6. Operations: the installation, migration, support, and maintenance of complete systems
This process requires a large team of developers and a lot of time. Programmers work together towards a common goal - software creating. A program is a large set of classes responsible for basic tasks, which in turn consist of a larger set of methods that perform certain logical, mathematical, graphic and other processes.
In conclusion, we would like to mention the growing interest in information technologies not only among the younger generation, but also the older one. With the growing popularity of programming and engineering, society is making great strides in the development of IT and manufacturing facilities. It improves the quality of life and helps humanity to develop.

References:
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