Gumik in Tashly-bet

Cities of Khazaria. Kromos Estatium
======================
     The khazar cities here include not only those cities that were built by the khazar architects, but also those that were built before the arrival of the khazars, were used by the khazars for their needs and tasks for a long time.
=======================
Gumik in Tashly-bet **
     Also Kumuk and Kafr-Kumuk. Called the city and Kebede, on behalf of the name persian Shahinshah Kavad, the Great Builder of fortresses in the North Caucasus.
     The first permanent settlements on the Kumyk plain began to appear from the 2nd century after the birth of Christ, which were put here by savirs, as reported by ancient authors. They were able to organically enter in the system of local sociocults and lead an intertribal union from the 4th century, sometimes called the Savir Kingdom, or the Serir Kingdom. This Kingdom was a product of the Kingdom of the huns, but was able to survive for several centuries its mother country.
     Starting from the 6th century, the hunno-savir division of the Kingdom of the huns is under pressure from other strong tribes, and by the middle of the 7th century, both the Kingdom of the huns and the Turkic Khaganate began to disintegrate, which ensured the prosperity of cities and villages of the Kumyk plain, organizing the movement of trade caravans through its territory, which made it possible to keep military garrisons in fortresses founded by the persians,
     The city was founded in the 6th century after the birth of Christ. According to Ibn Rust, who wrote his chronicles at the end of the 9th century, there was a fortress Alal-va-Gumik between the rivers of Sulak and Terek, built by Shahinshah Anushirvan of Persia in the 6th century, which he handed over to the king of Sarir.
     This city was located in the area of Tashly-bet on the territory of present-day Dagestan, and not far from another ancient city of Khunzakh.
     After the savirs, tribes of bulgar-oguz origin began to penetrate into the area where the cities and possessions of Khunzakh and Gumik stood, and with them the era of the Khazar Khaganate began.
     After the collapse of the Khaganate, the bulgars dissolved into the local kumyk-laks population, traces of which were preserved only in the vocabulary of local peoples.
     Over the last two thousand years Kumyk platform is characterized by stable mild climate that allows the local population, the core of which from the 7th century be the kumyks, a mixture of khazar peoples with local native mountain, to farm, to develop horse breeding, cattle and sheep breeding all year round.
     The main agricultural activities of the kumyks were wheat, barley, millet, oats, rice, cotton and silk for their own needs.
     All the cities of the Kumyk platform, connected in a single military and commercial system with the advent of the khazar era, were famous for the production of weapons, since almost all the cities of this system had military garrisons.
     The name of the city, domain and region of Gumik is of arabic origin and comes from the local dialect word kumyk. During the arab-khazar wars, the city was repeatedly besieged by arab troops. The arabs, before attacking the khazar fortresses on the Kumyk plain, tried to enlist the support of the local nobility to open the gates of their fortresses to them. Somewhere they managed to bribe local princes, but mostly all the kumyk fortresses gave a fierce rebuff to outsiders.
     So it was with the fortress of Gumik, its defenders never opened the gates to the arabs, who had to spend time and effort to storm the walls of the city.
     For their intransigence in diplomatic affairs, for their ability to desperately defend their city, arab war correspondents named this city Kafir-Kumukh.
     The city of Gumik was the main city of the region of the same name. The arabs believed that the inhabitants of the city live by their own minds, do not obey anyone, their own boss is called Raus, as the historian and thinker Masudi wrote in the 10th century about the events of the 8th century.
     In the 7th century, the main population here were the ancient kumyks, lakses, remnants of the huns, who formed an independent state unit in the city area, which existed until the 11th century.
     In the 8th century, with the arrival of the khazars, the alans appeared here, all together bringing the origins of christianity here.
     Masudi considered the residents of the city and the Gumik region to be believers in Christ. He, along with the authors of Derbent-nameh, states that the region of Kumuk and its city of Gumik were conquered by Maslama around 730 ad. Maslama appointed Shahbal from the indigenous arab tribe of Quraysh as the head of the region, who erected a mosque in the fortress to commemorate his appointment.
     However, it seems that islam did not take root here at that time. The chroniclers continue to call the inhabitants christians three centuries later, when in the middle of the 11th century a certain shirvanshah of Shirvan Fariburz tried to convert the townspeople to islam. It is curious that in his army, which came under the walls of the city of Gumik, there were many Russian vigilantes who sought service from local princes after the collapse of the khazars.
     Starting from the middle of the 11th century, the gazian rule begins in the city. Kaymuck owners, local emirs were at that time the war with Amir Chufan, the owner of Kiteg. Chufan then managed to take Gumik and put in the city a detachment from the related Khan-khaqan generations at the head of a half-breed from the Kumyk feudal lords and a descendant of the noble quraysh Abbas.
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++