Khadar

Cities of Khazaria. Kromos Estatium
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     The khazar cities here include not only those cities that were built by the khazar architects, but also those that were built before the arrival of the khazars, were used by the khazars for their needs and tasks for a long time.
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Khadar **
     The city was located in the Irfan region in the Terek-Sulak interfluve and belonged to the defensive line on the Great Silk Road, which ran on the Kumyk platform.
     Derbent-name and Arab sources of the 8-9 centuries called the Khadars unfaithful. Here who just did not live. Rus with the uruses went here every year and brought confusion to the city. The muslims who settled in this town during the arab-khazar wars could never feel at ease here because of this.
     The arab authors attribute the name of the city to themselves, believing that the first arabs who arrived to this city noted that it is located in a lowland, which means «khadar» in arabic.
     The arab authors, who received information from their soldiers at different times about the state of affairs in this city reported that each time there was a different religion, which is why they called the religious beliefs of the khadar people mixed.
     Later authors find the root «khadar» in the turkic vocabulary, where this word means a gorge, in a sense, also a lowland among the mountains.
     Interpreters and magicians of the karaite persuasion define this word as black famine, noting the facts of constant sieges of the city by the arabs, when the defenders of the city and its inhabitants had difficulties with food and drink. It should be saying that the city's Jewish-Karaite community never left this city, even in its most difficult times.
     In 721, the troops of the arab commander Jarrah came here. Earlier, they took Derbent and intended to subdue the entire Silk Road.
     So they came to the walls of the fortress of Khadar, where the remnants of the armies from other cities of Khazaria and Avar came. The battle for the fortress went on with varying success, until the arabs managed to block all water sources from which the defenders of the fortress could get water. At this time, the city began to get sick.
     The arabs waited until the strength of the townspeople was completely exhausted and pretended to leave, hiding in the forest. At night, the khadars opened the gate and tried to leave, but were met by muslims who lit their way with torches. So they broke into the fortress, killing all the remaining infidels.
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