Khar-Kel on Don

Cities of Khazaria. Kromos Estatium
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     The khazar cities here include not only those cities that were built by the khazar architects, but also those that were built before the arrival of the khazars, were used by the khazars for their needs and tasks for a long time.
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Khar-Kel on Don **
     May be a Shar-Kany, Sarkel, the White Veja tower.
     Some researchers locate this complete synonym for the city of Kharkov on the Don, in the place of Sarkel. To date, they have not yet chosen which Sarkel it may by: either the more ancient Right Bank Sarkel, built by the Khazars themselves, or the later Left Bank Sarkel, built by the Khazars together with the Byzantines..
     More now tend to the Left-bank option. This fortress was built in 832. After the arrival of Kievan Rus, the khazars moved to Itil, and this fortress was abandoned.
     For some time, Russian-slavs and pechenegs settled here.
     Sarkel fortress controlled the silver trade route. However, after the appearance of the Rammelsberg silver mines in 964, the Silver trade route changed its trace, and the need for Sarkel for Kievan Rus disappeared.
     After appearing in Don steppes polovtsians interest to the cape, on which stood the Fortress, again appeared, because with it could by control the movement of the polovtsians.
     Since the beginning of the 12th century, Bonyak, Khan of the pale yellow, also called polovtsians, settled here. This happened after Bonyak helped David Igorevich defeat the hungarians on the Vyar river in 1099. For this help, David gave Bonyak this fortress. Khan began to call his acquisition Shar-Kan, which meant the Khan's city, which is lower in rank, since Sar-Kel meant the Tsar-Fortress among the greeks.
     There are analytical works, for example of Paranin, that Sarkel actually remained on the territory of present-day Kharkiv, which changed the letter «C» to the letter «X», as it usually happens in the old slavic language when the letter «L» alternates with the letter «B», and the letter «C» to the letter «X». This analyst did not explain what the word «har» means in the new glagolitic, or explained it, but other analysts did not understand, or understood, but they are silent, waiting to be asked.
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