Khvalis

Cities of Khazaria. Kromos Estatium
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     The khazar cities here include not only those cities that were built by the khazar architects, but also those that were built before the arrival of the khazars, were used by the khazars for their needs and tasks for a long time.
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Khvalis **
     Also Khovalis, a chronicled khazar city of the 8th century, equal in its state status to the city of Bulgar.
     Apparently, the city of Khvalis was located outside of Khazaria, because the khazars did not allow the penetration of Byzantine influence. In this city, the khazars and byzantines had a political alliance and parity.
     The city is named in the sources after the khvalis, which was the name of the ancient chronicles. Lived khvalisi in northern Caspian lowland. They were descended from the lower bulgars. Apparently, it is from khvalizov the Caspian sea was sometimes called Khvalyn see.
     There is also a version that lived khvalis in the area of modern Stavropol territory and further to the Caspian sea. It is here that their main city, Khvalis, should be sought..
     In the 9th century, they were located on the Lower Volga, which is why they were rightly associated with the khazars, and later with the pechenegs, also khazars, but who lost both their faith and their statehood.
     The Rus, faced with the mohammedans, called all the islamized turks khvalises.
     In another version of khvalises Rus merchants called Khorezm. Then their main city Khvalis is Khorezm. Khorezm chroniclers called and Kwarezm, and Charisma, and Quaresma, and Khorasan. This naming convention is similar to the ethnonym khvalis, khalizian, but the word «khorezm» in any of its variants has no letter «L». The word «khorezm» has an indo-iranian origin, since the tribes of this vocabulary used to live here. The word «khvalis» is of turkic origin, born hun pandemonium in Europe.
     Tolstov insists that kabars, khavars, khalis, khvalis are the names of one ethnic group or population group, of which khalis is a self-name, and kabars are its magyar or alano-khazar name.
     According to the jewish version of the origin of the khvalis, they are the sons of Moab, and the bulgars are the sons of Amon, while the sarashens are descended from Ishmael. Therefore, the khvalis and bulgars come from the daughters of Lot, who were conceived by their father, and therefore, according to the jewish canons, both the khvalis and bulgars are unclean tribes. Jewish philosophers believe that the khvalis received semitic and ugric genes somewhere in their history, which is why they should be considered the people of Baal.
     Istakhri and Ibn Haukal mention the khazars, which included the khalis (al-kh-lis) and the kulas, who represented the khazars proper or «white» khazars according to the Walid Togan, since the word «khalis» in the khazar language could mean white or pure.
     Kinnam noted that the khalises and ishmaelites lived in the neighborhood, which is why the khalises could not profess the jewish faith, but be mohammedans.
     Khorezm in the 6th century was subject to the Kingdom of the Huns. According to Menander the people of kholiats was captured by the turkut khan. Tolstoy identifies the kholiates with the khvalis mentioned in russian chronicles, as well as with the khorezmes of the 11th century.
     There is a glossa from the middle of the 8th century, issued by one of the Constantinople bishops, which mentions the Khvalis diocese. Mentioned in the Glossa on Khvalis diocese in the same city, which was attended by the khazars, suggests that Constantinople was communicated at that time with the local khazars, and this confirms the interest of the Emperors of that time to participate in joint colonies together with the Khazaria.
     There is nothing in any subsequent documents of Constantinople about this city or about the bishopric in it. Apparently, this notification was a statement of some of the missionary plans of Byzantium for the christianization of the Khaganate, which was easier to start with the khazar colony.
     This process, in its diplomatic format, was conducted by Byzantium during all three centuries of Khazaria's existence. We can recall the assistance in the construction of Sarkel, many joint fortress objects in Crimea, the organization of disputes about religions among the khazars, one of which was attended by the Emperor's favorite, his precious recluse and linguist Cyril, then still Konstantin.
     Tolstov sees in the Khvalis diocese of Khorezm diocese, which was located outside the Khazarus state, which meant that there were political agreements between Byzantium and Khazaria on the development of colonies in the 8th century.
     G.Vernadsky believed that the city of Khvalis was located on the khazar coast of the Caspian sea, probably between Itil and Semender.
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