Professor Eugene E. Kovalev

PROFESSOR EUGENE E. KOVALEV
(see also: E.E. Kovalev, E. Kovalev, Evgueni E. Kovalev)

 1. BIOGRAPHICAL NOTES:

Eugene E. Kovalev was born in 1929 (7 July) in the town Tikhvin (near Leningrad), Russia. In 1951, after 4-year study in Liningrad State University (Faculty of Physics), he was transferred to Moscow Institute of Engineering Physics (MIEP) from which he gradiated in 1952.

 In 1956, after finishing a 3-year post-graduate course at the same institute, Kovalev successfully defended his thesis and was awarded a degree of Candidate of Technical Sciences. From that time on Kovalev has been carrying out research in the field of radiation physics, shielding and dosimetry as a Senior Scientist (1956-1959) at the Institute of Biophysics of USSR Ministry of Health and as Head of Physical Laboratory (1959-1964) at the same institute.

 Starting from 1960 he made a series of studies in the field of space radiation, measuring of tissue doses on board artificial Earth satellites and first manned spacecraft. In 1964 Kovalev joined the new-formed Institute of Biomedical Problems (Moscow) as a Head of Space Shielding Division (1964-1975) and later as a Head of Radiation Protection Department (1975-1990).
 
 In 1969 Kovalev was awarded a degree of Doctor of Technical Sciences. In 1970 Kovalev was elected as a member of International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) and in 1974 he was reelected on second term. In 1971 he has gained a title of Professor in Nuclear and Cosmic Ray Physics. From 1972 prof.
 E. Kovalev became a member of Bioastronautics Committee of the International Astronautical Federation. In period of 1975-1990 prof. E. Kovalev served as a Head of the USSR Service of Space Radiation Protection. In 1976 prof. E. Kovalev was awarded a title of Honoured Scientist of Russia. In 1978 he became a winner of USSR State Prize for creation of an actively operating National Service of Space Radiation Protection. In period of 1979-1985 prof. E. Kovalev was a Corresponding Member of the International Academy of Astronautics, and from 1985 he became a member of the IAA. Prof. E. Kovalev served as a Executive Member of COSPAR ISC F on Life Sciences as Related to Space.
 
 On October 16, 1990, the Research Center of Spacecraft Radiation Safety (RCSRS) of the USSR Ministry of Health was formed on the basis of one of the IBMP


 departments ( the Radiation Protection Department), and prof. E. Kovalev became the Director of the Center. The Center is in charge of the engineering and physical aspects of radiation protection of spacecraft, carries out studies of the adverse effects of cosmic radiation and the radiation of nuclear power units in space and develops methods space shielding.
 
 On May 14, 1992, by the Russia Goverment Decision prof. E. Kovalev was nominated as a Member of National Scientific Commission on Radiation Protection (NSCRP).
 
In 1995 prof. E. Kovalev was elected as an Active Member of the New York Academy of Sciences.
 
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2. CAREER HISTORY:
 
 Position Organization City/Country From (year) to (year)
 
1. SENIOR SCIENTIST INSTITUTE OF BIOPHYSICS MOSCOW USSR 1956-1959
2. HEAD OF LAB INSTITUTE OF BIOPHYSICS MOSCOW USSR 1959-1964
3. HEAD OF DIVISION INST. OF BIOMED. PROBLEMS MOSCOW USSR 1964-1975
4. HEAD OF DEPARTM. INST. OF BIOMED. PROBLEMS MOSCOW USSR 1975-1990
5. DIRECTOR RSCH. CNTR OF SPACECRAFT RAD. SAFETY MOSCOW
 USSR/RUSSIA 1990-1997
6. SENIOR STAFF SCIENST RSCH. CNTR OF SPACECRAFT RAD. SAFETY
MOSCOW RUSSIA 1997 -
3. CAREER-RELATED ACTIVITIES:

 Position Organization City/Country From (year) to (year)
 
1. HEAD NATION. SPACE RAD. PROTECTION SERVICE MOSCOW USSR 1975-1990
2. MEMBER INTERNT. COMMSS. RADIOL.PROTECTION (ICRP) LONDON 1970-1978
3. MEMBER INTERNAT. ASTRONAUT.FEDERATION PARIS 1972-
 BIOASTRONAUTICS COMMITTEE
4. MEMBER SUBCTTEE ON SPACE PLANETARY BIOL/BIOPH PARIS 1972-2000
 INTERNAT. ACADEMY OF ASTRONAUTICS
5. MEMBER INTERNAT. RADIAT. PROTECTION ASSOCIATION PARIS 1978-
 (IRPA)
6. CORRESPOND. INTERNT. ACADEMY OF ASTRONAUTICS PARIS 1978-1985
 MEMBER
7. MEMBER INTERNAT. ACADEMY OF ASTRONAUTICS PARIS 1985-
8. MEMBER NATION. SCIENT. COMMSS. ON RAD. PROTECTION MOSCOW 1992
9. MEMBER THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES USA 1995-

4. AWARDS, HONORS, GRANTS:

 Award Granting body Location Year

1. STATE DECORATION USSR GOVERMENT MOSCOW 1961
2. STATE DECORATION USSR GOVERMENT MOSCOW 1963
3. HONORED SCIENTIST OF RUSSIA RUSSIA GOVERMENT MOSCOW 1976
4. USSR STATE PRIZE USSR GOVERMENT MOSCOW 1978
5. STATE DECORATION USSR GOVERMENT MOSCOW 1986
6. DECREE OF MERIT INTERNAT. BIOGRAPH. CENTER CAMBRIDGE 1997

5. MAIN PUBLICATIONS:

5.1. MONOGRAPHS
5.1.1. Nomograms for Caalculating Shielding Against Gamma-Rays from Radium, Cesium and Cobalt (In collaboration with N.G.Gusev). Atomizdat, Moscow, 72pp, 1959 (Russian)
5.1.2. Shielding of Extended Sources (In collaboration with N.G.Gusev et al). Atomizdat, Moscow, 287pp, 1961 (Russian)
5.1.3. Problems of Radiation Safety During Space Flights (In collaboration with Y.G.Grigoriev et al). Atomizdat, Moscow, 1964 (Russian)
5.1.4. Radiation Safety During Space Flights (In collaboration with V.S.Bobkov et al). Atomizdat, Moscow, 1964 (Russian)
5.1.5. Space Biology and Medicine ( Chapter IX: Space Radiation). Nauka, Moscow, 1966 (Russian)
5.1.6. Radiation Hazards from High-Energy Protons (In collaboration with Y.G.Grigoriev et al). Atomizdat, Moscow, 1968 (Russian)
5.1.7. Nuclear Interactions in Spacecraft Shield (In collaboration with O.D.Brill et al). Atomizdat, Moscow, 1968 (Russian)
5.1.8. Engineering Compendium on Radiation Shielding, Vol. I ( Sections 6.1 - 6.3, 6.6), Springer Verlag, Vienna, 1968
5.1.9. Radiation risk on the earth and in space. Moscow, Atomizdat, 1976 (Russian)
5.1.10. Radiation safety of spacecraft crews ( In collaboration with E.I.Vorobjev)
 Moscow: Energoatomizdat, 1983 (Russian).
5.1.11. Radiation protection of spacecraft crews. In: Gusev NG (ed) Protection against ionizing radiations, Vol. 2, Chapter 23. Moscow: Atomizdat, 1990 (Russian).


5.2. SELECTED PAPERS
5.2.1. Cosmic Radiation Doses ( In collaboration with I.B.Keirim-Markus et al).
 Iskusstvenniye sputniki Zemli, No. 12, Akademizdat, Moscow, 1962 (Russian).
5.2.2. Cosmic Radiation Doses Measurements in Spacecraft 2, 4 and 5 ( In collaboration with I.B.Keirim-Markus et al). Iskusstvenniye sputniki Zemli, No. 12, Akademizdat, Moscow, 1962 (Russian).
5.2.3. Radiation Doses Received by Y.Gagariv and G.Titov in the First Manned Space Flights ( In collaboration with I.B.Keirim-Markus et al). Iskusstvenniye sputniki Zemli, No. 15, Akademizdat, Moscow, 1962 (Russian).
5.2.4. Experimental Determination of the Efficiency of a Shielding Material with a Proton Beam of a Synchrocyclotron ( In collaboration with L.N.Smirenny et al). Atomnaya energiya, Vol. 16, No. 5, 1964 (Russian).
5.2.5. Protection of Astronauts Against Electrons and Electron Bremsstrahlung in the Earth Outer Radiation Belt ( In collaboration with D.P.Osanov et al). Kosmicheskiye issledovaniya, Vol. 3, No. 5, 1965 (Russian).
5.2.6. The Evaluation of the Lunar Surface Radiation Environment ( In collaboration with L.N.Smirenny et al). 16th International Astronautical Congress, Athens, 1965.
5.2.7. Radiation Safety Criteria in Long-Term Space Flights (In collaboration with Y.G.Nefedov et al). 2nd International Symposium on the Main Problems of Life in Space, Paris, 1965.
5.2.8. Fast Nucleons Production in the Thick Aluminium Layers Exposed to Protons of 660 Mev (In collaboration with V.E.Dudkin et al). Atomnaya Energiya, Vol. 23, No.3, 1967 (Russian).
5.2.9. Radiation Hazards in Long-Term SpaceFlights: Radiobiological Aspects (In collaboration with Y.G.Grigorjev). Kosmicheskaya biologiya i meditsina, Vol. 2, No. 2, 1968 (Russian).
5.2.10. Radiation protection reliability and spaceflight safety. In: Proceedings of 24th  IAF conference. Baku, 8-13 October 1973.
5.2.11. New technology and the problem of human safety (methodological aspect). (In  collaboration with V.I.Ivanov et al). Voprosy Filosofii, No. 5, 1981 (Russian).
5.2.12. Target fragments in collisions of 1.8 GeV/nucleon 56Fe nuclei with photoemulsion nuclei, and the cascade-evaporation model (In collaboration with V.E.Dudkin et al). Nuclear Physics, Vol. A530: 759-769, 1991.
5.2.13. Radiation shielding estimates for manned Mars space flight (In collaboration with V.E.Dudkin et al). Nuclear Tracks and Radiation Measurements, Part D, Vol. 20, No. 1, 1992.
5.2.14. The acceptable risk concept and the problem of population safety. In: Ekologiya AES. Moscow: Yadernoye Obshchestvo SSSR, 1992 (Russian).
5.2.15. The acceptable risk conception as a basis for a normalization of the medical and  ecological situation in the Altai territory. In: Safety problems in emergency situations No. 6, 1993 (Russian).
5.2.16. Assessment of radiation risk of external irradiation following the Chernobyl nuclear plant disaster (In collaboration with A.A.Maslennikova et al). Atomnaya Energiya, Vol. 75, No. 3, 1993 (Russian).
5.2.17. Estimation of radiation risk based on the concept of individual variability of radiosensitivity (In collaboration with O.A.Smirnova). COSPAR Colloquium No. 6: International Roundtable on Radiation Risk in Humans on Exploratory Missions in Space. Center of the German Physical Society "Physikzentrum", Bad Honnef, Germany, 1993.
5.2.18. Radiation risk assessment based on the concept of individual variability of  radiosensitivity. (In collaboration with O.A.Smirnova). In: Proceedings of 10th International Congress of Radiation Research, Wurzburg (Germany) 27 August - 1 September 1995, Vol. 1, p. 335, 1995.
5.2.19. Radiation risk for the population (In collaboration with A.I. Vikhrov et al).  Atomnaya Energiya Vol. 79, No. 1, 1995 (Russian).
5.2.20. Radiation risk for the population (In collaboration with A.I. Vikhrov et al). Atomnaya Energiya Vol. 79, No. 1, 1995 (Russian).
5.2.21. Estimation of radiation risk based on the concept of individual variability of
 radiosensitivity (In collaboration with O.A.Smirnova). AFRRI Contract Report 96 - 1. Bethesda, Maryland, USA: Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, 1996.
5.2.22. Assessment of risk for the Russian population when irradiation doses are equal to dose limits (In collaboration with S.G.Chukhin). In: Proceedings of the 2nd radioecology conference. Obninsk: 27-31 May 1996 (Russian).
5.2.23. Radiation risk connected to dose limits (In collaboration with S.G.Chukhin). Atomnaya Energiya, Vol. 82, No. 4, 1997 (Russian).
5.2.24. Sustainability of complex systems and technogenic risk (In collaboration with A.I. Vikhrov et al). Atomnaya Energiya, Vol. 83, No. 4, 1997 (Russian).