The SpiritualHeuristic Concept of the Existence Me

 
The Spiritual--Heuristic Concept of the Existence: Metaphysics of Spirit

Norwegian Journal of development of the International Science, No.2, 2017. p.50

                Abstract

          All natural objects (NOs) of the Universum, from infinitesimal to cosmic ones, exhibit the spirituality, unquestionable human phenomenon. As the quality ensuring the behavior of NOs according to spirit-system principles of causality (internal activity, tendency for self-development, and hierarchy), the spirituality transforms NOs into subjects and activates them for independent formation of the Universum. The formation occurs through self-organization of an infinite set of corpuscles (entities) from a chaos into a system of NOs of the unified Universum.
          The concept based on the indicated ideas of the existence involves four stages (Realities) of self-organization of the Universum one of which is the Physical Reality (Universe). The concept, together with its methodology and mathematical model, is defined as the metaphysics of spirit by the Weltanschaung based on the recognition of the spiritual nature of the Universum.
In the metaphysics of spirit as the doctrine on the existence of the self-organizing World, there are no drawbacks of the modern scientific picture of the World. By introducing Realities previous and following the Universe we overcome the epistemological gap in its cognition and the ontological deadlock. Values of the existence of the nature including men and answers to many unsolved problems in the science, for example, in astrophysics, quantum mechanics, psychology, and social life (guided by self-organization principles) is well-grounded by revealing the mechanism of the global evolutionary process, its purpose and principles of causality.

Key words: spirituality, value, self-organization, active number, transfinite, self-development, entity, hierarchy, matrix



1. NTRODUCTION: TREATMENT OF THE EXISTENCE AS A FACTOR OF ONTHOLOGICAL SOLUTIONS
 
          The idea of unity of the Universum always inspired philosophers and spiritual leaders for creative searches. The unity of the world is the necessary condition for its understanding by men and for formation of a model of the behavior, values, aims, and meaning of human life. The ancient-Greek metaphysics [13] and monotheistic religions are based on the idea of unity of the world. In recent centuries and our time, however, due to numerous circumstances and the complexity of solving concrete problems around the monistic paradigm, the world outlook whose quintessence is the dialectical--Carthesian methodology had won [2, p. 469; 9]. According to this methodology, the struggle of opposites in combination with an external action on natural objects (NOs) is the driving force for changes in the world and its evolution. Here, any NO is considered as an integrity whose parameters are determined by its constituent elements and contain no internal prerequisites for self-development. The basis of cause--effect links that are responsible for phenomena in the natural world are mechanistic principles of causality [2, p. 635]: reactivity, causality proper, and reductionism; the Existence of the Universum is reduced to the totality of the existence of NOs.
          There are grounds to state that the potential of the indicated methodological guidelines was exhausted. Within these guidelines it is more and more difficult to find causal links. Numerous insoluble problems of the world-outlook character accumulated. For example, how did the Universe arise? What is the driving force for It as the whole and objects of the microcosm?  What is the meaning of human life? What must represent progress of the human race? How to resolve the paradox of development in the nature? The way out of the arising ontological deadlock should be sought only in overcoming the epistemological gap in the cognition of the Universe caused by absolutization of its substance nature and by refusal of the mechanistic treatment of the causality of phenomena.
Meanwhile, return to the idea of the unity of the world becomes more and more urgent. There grows realization of the fact that natural phenomena can be understood only in their unity; their laws, as consequences of functioning of the mathematical system. In this case, the integrity of the world is feasible certainly and can be explained by its self-development via self-organization. Such a process should be continuous and self-sufficient, and it should take place by the unified law and due to the internal demand of NOs for self-development. When the integrity of NOs depends on their relation to objects of their medium, which is in agreement with the Godel theorem on the incompleteness of the consistent theory [2, p. 215], the existence in the indicated interpretation is feasible only in the Universum that is outside of the visible substance in content.

2. COMBINATORIAL ANALYSIS OF THE SPIRITUAL--HEURISTIC CONCEPT OF THE EXISTENCE

          The structure of the formation of the Universum shown in corresponds to the suggested representation of Its existence as the process of Its self-organization. According to it, system-linked Realities based on radically different successive forms of materiality arise sequentially in the continuum of the Universe. Our Universe (Physical Reality) exhibiting the spirit--substance form of materiality is the result of self-development of the previous Transphysical Reality that in turn is the product of self-development of the Transfinite Reality. Originally the Universe as a unified system contains prerequisites for creation of the subsequent Metaphysical Reality. Each Reality, by the concept, is a limitless set of corpuscular entities inherent in it.
          The existence of Realities occurs in the value and hierarchical manner and in interests of creation of subsequent Realities through self-organization (synthesis) of entities from initial entities for each Reality to primary entities for the next Reality. Synthesis of primary spiritual entities (PSEs) occurs in the Transfinite Reality. Synthesis of PSEs in the Transphysical Reality occurs with enlargement of PSEs to spiritual entities and then to primary spirit--substance formations (SSFs) of the Universe. The purpose of the evolution of the Universe consists in synthesis of spiritual structures (SSs) representing the substrate of the Metaphysical Reality. Synthesis of corpuscles within each Reality occurs with growth of their sizes and functional possibilities. The synthesis ends with a radical leap in their quality, i.e., with the appearance of entities whose parameters satisfy requirements of the next Reality.
          The arisen spiritual--heuristic concept of the existence is founded on the assumption accepted by many philosophers and naturalists that material forms are limitlessly divisible [5, 11]. Axiomatization of this assumption means that the size of entities of the Universum will be decrease limitlessly upon mental motion to sources of its evolution (genesis). In other words, PSEs of the Transphysical Reality arise from an infinite set of entities of the Transfinite Reality. Subsequent synthesis of PSEs in the Transphysical Reality occurs to corpuscles with sizes exceeding the fundamental length [1], i.e., exhibiting attributive properties. Self-development of SSFs (substrate of the Physical Reality) ends with the appearance of SSs of the Metaphysical Reality [8, 9].
          Representation of the space as a set of entities with infinitesimal sizes means to provide it with limitless depth. In other words, there arises a necessity of four-dimensional representation of the space. At the point of intersection of Cartesian axes, there rises an axis whose coordinates characterize the degree of realization of the potential of formation of NOs in the natural--historical process of self-organization of the Universum [10, 2, p. 129]. As a system, it is the infinite number of interrelated entities provided with individual properties, and the Existence of Realities is represented by the process of self-development of Its entities as units to self-organization into the special in interests of the universal. By the concept, the idea of universality lied into entities of the Transfinite Reality is feasible in the infinite natural--historical process of their self-organization.

3. SPIRIT--SYSTEM METHODOLOGY (SSM) AS INFORMATIVE MODEL OF THE EXISTENCE OF THE
                UNIVERSUM

          In the methodology as a doctrine on the structure of organization and methods and means of activity it is assumed that the activity is implemented by subjects. For example, in the methodology of science these are scientists; in the general methodology (doctrine on the remaking of the nature, society, and man) these are social, state, and supranational structures [2, p. 634].
The representation of the existence of the Universum as the value-oriented self-organization of NOs means providing NOs with the role of subjects effecting genesis of the Universum. In this case, properties of NOs as integrities and parameters of their individualization should be examined in the context of interindividual relations (as the whole with the whole). Only in such relations potencies of NOs toward self-development through self-organization become actual.
The essence of SSM is in the predisposition of NOs to interaction with objects of the medium. According to it, the behavior of NOs depends on three principles of causality: internal activity, tendency to self-development, and hierarchy. They are termed as spirit--system principles [10, p. 8], because they are spiritually motivated and implemented within intersystem relations: subsystem--system--megasystem. The system nature determines, according to SSM, not only “structure” of a phenomenon but also its driving force: tendency to transform the external into the internal. This allows one to represent the Existence as an integral spiritual--creative process that can cover only thinking and is feasible only in it. According to SSM, this implies identity of the Existence and thinking. Search for the subject of such thinking is one of problems solved by SSM.
The spiritual--heuristic concept of the Existence deducing from the suggested interpretation of the Existence consistent with metaphysical principles of uniqueness of the fundamental principle, original cause, and law of the formation is based on the concept of the Universum as a system of self-organizing spiritual entities. SSM as the doctrine on the structure, organization, and methods (mechanisms) of activity of spiritual entities performs ontological functions on qualitatively new universal level of all Realities of the Universum. NOs in this case exhibit different forms of materiality remaining incarnation of spiritual entities whose self-organization occurs according to SSM.
          Genesis of the Universum as a structural complication of NOs in the global evolutionary process occurs via their classification by individual characteristics and through system interaction. Classification as the form of self-organization of NOs takes place by virtue of spirit--system principles of the behavior that are inherent in them. Their grouping in classes occurs without arising intrasystem relations between NOs.
          According to the spirit--system principles of the behavior, the continuously growing differentiation of NOs by classes and interactions of classes between themselves is examined by SSM as an intellectual process similar to the process proceeding in computers. The distinction between these processes is in the fact that, according to SSM, it proceeds rather by virtue of the internal potency of entities and classes formed by them toward self-development via self-organization than by human-created programs. In this connection, the concept and its methodology consider a set of entities organized in classes as the spiritual structure. In the creative process it simulates self-organization (genesis) of the Universum creating the Ideal World for each instant of its formation. The Transphysical Reality in combination with it becomes the thinking substance called in the concept by the Spiritual World. The purpose of its functioning consists in the modelling and realization of the Existence as the intellectual thinking process. It is similar to self-organization of a comparatively large mass of men having found themselves in isolation and without external control.
          According to SSM, system relations arise between entities of certain classes and give rise to new integrities including qualitatively new forms of materiality. Their appearance is due to the previously indicated interpretation of NOs as active entities searching for links with other integrities to satisfy their demand for self-development through self-organization. In other words, any NO as realization of spiritual entity, irrespective of the stage of its self-development in the global evolutionary process, chooses from the medium the allied NO (entity) compatible with it and interacts with it creating a new complicated NO, as this is shown in. Objects compatible and incompatible with the medium are designated by small, medium-sized circles and squares, respectively. Small circles entering into a medium-sized circle represent subsystems. They create systems from which megasystems (large circle) arise. As this takes place, compatibility of objects means that interaction between them corresponds to interests of arising future megasystems.
          According to SSM, the Existence of the Universum as the continuous creative process of self-organization occurs by the same mechanism between NOs exhibiting the unified nature under the condition of their compatibility [7, 9]. In doing so, the Existence is oriented toward realization of value, hierarchically organized self-development of entities.

4. FORMATION OF THE UNIVERSE AS SSM OF SELF-DEVELOPMENT OF SPIRIT--SUBSTANCE
                FORMATIONS

          The retrospective look at the evolution (formation) of the Universe points to its three basic features: negentropy, energy not damping, and goal (value) directivity. They are inconsistent with the logics of modern natural science whose consequence is the known paradox of development in philosophy. Meanwhile, these features of the evolution are explainable from the SSM viewpoint. According to this viewpoint [8, 9], the evolution of the Universe on the macroscopic level is the consistent value-oriented self-organization of SSFs self-sufficient from the energy viewpoint. The evolution occurs by the previously indicated mechanism and has numerous stages including the formation of elementary particles, atoms, molecules, cells of plant and animal worlds, etc. [9; 10, p. 115].
          Self-organization (genesis) of evolutionally new SSFs on the macroscopic level takes place upon combination of the three conditions. The first is isolation of some section of the medium in which the evolutionary act is possible to form SSFs of new type. The second is arrangement of conditions of intersystem interaction between subjects and objects (as the whole with the whole) of the medium in the direction corresponding to value guidelines of the evolution, and the third is the presence of internal motivation (will) of SSFs toward self-organization.
          The first condition of genesis is ensured by transition of the totality of SSFs as elements of the medium into an instable state due to first-type irreversible processes (diffusion, thermal conductivity) occurring in the medium or to the action of external forces, for example, cataclysm. The second condition of the feasibility of the evolutionary act consists in arrangement of conditions of the compatibility of SSFs participating in it. In this case, the formation of SSFs of new type in the mineral, plant, and animal worlds becomes the evolutionary act (not random event) if it occurs in interests of their future self-development [6, 7]. The possibility of such a certain direction of the process is caused by its simulation on the spirit--energy level of the universe substance and by its Spiritual World (Transphysical Reality), since SSFs and their entities remain SW elements of the Spiritual World. The substance character of manifestation of entities does not denude them of the spiritual content, while attributive properties of SSFs as conditions of their compatibility assist in occurring the evolution act. The internal motivation of SSFs toward interaction (the third condition) is similar to their tendency to the attractor upon synergetic interpretation of self-organization as the irreversible process [2, p. 930]. The formation of new spirit--substance forms can be linked to an enhancement in the quality of energy [9; 10, p. 116], for example, with transformation of mechanical energy into electric energy in generators.
 The SSM interpretation of photosynthesis confirms the universal scheme of the evolutionary process. The region of macroscopic interaction of water and carbon dioxide with the formation of carbohydrates (isolated section of the medium) determines the part of a plant irradiated with the Sun radiation that causes cataclysm in the plant: nonequilibrium state of its medium. The process of photosynthesis (evolutionary act) is initiated by the energy arising in chlorophyll. This energy as the second condition gives rise to carbohydrates in plants. The cause of the formation of carbohydrates consists in the internal tendency of molecules of water and carbon dioxide toward self-organization into a more complex compound (carbohydrate). Participation of the substance of the Universe and Spiritual World in such process supplies the latter with energy not damping and value directivity toward limitless self-development of participating elements.

5. SELF-ORGANIZATION OF ACTIVE NUMBERS AS THE MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF THE EXISTENCE
  (FORMATION) OF THE UNIVERSE

          Creation of the mathematical model terminates the cognition of real phenomena. Their presentation in the form of laws is a transition from the informative description to the symbolic one, and any natural-science law determines consequences of the action of the external force on the NOs participating in the phenomenon under consideration. Symbols in it designate qualities of NOs that allow them to react to the action of the external force interpreted as the cause of the phenomenon. The external force can be, for example, the volume in the Archimedes law, the charge in the Coulomb law, the mass in the Newton laws, the electric conductivity in the Ohm law, etc. Such an approach, however, does not make it possible to come to mathematical description of the phenomenon of the formation of the Universe as the unified process. To this end, it is impossible to integrate the known laws, because an NO therein manifests itself in one of a set of its qualities characterized relative to the standard and causes of phenomena manifest themselves in one of numerous forces existing in the nature.
          The previously presented informative model of the Universum allows us to go from the differential description of NOs and phenomena occurring with them to the integral description universal at most. We use as its language numbers as the most abstract concept and mathematical operations with numbers. The possibility of such an approach starts from the SSM, according to which, a set of spiritual entities composing an NO as any combination of objects in our perception or thought can be represented by mathematical set [3, p. 69]. The indirect confirmation of the validity of such an approach is keeping qualities of chemical elements composing NOs irrespective of their complexity and composition. In other words, points of the concept, its methodology, and the theory of sets make it possible to represent any NO as the sum of infinite number of elements in the form of the set designated by M:

                NO = М = а1 + а2 + а3 + а4 + … + ап ...

          The infinity of the set results from the statement of the concept on the limitless divisibility of NOs of any material forms. Elements of the set а1, а2, а3, а4, ..., ап, arise upon real or mental division of NOs and represent its subsets. The set is totally ordered, i.e., is actual, because, according to the concept, all NOs arise from their system self-organization.
It is agreed that in the model the subset “ап …” is actual infinitesimal and has the denumerable power of integers, i.e., the power of the positive integers. The transfinite number ; corresponding to it represents the PSE in the model. One of reasons of the validity of such a statement is the Cantor theorem [3, p. 43]: any infinite set contains a subset with the cardinal number of denumerable set equal to aleph-zero. In other words, any NO, irrespective of the evolutionary stage of its formation, can be represented by the actual infinite set with the transfinite number corresponding to it. Such numbers are active, because, by the concept, they reflect active objects. This allows us to arrive at mathematical interpretation of the Universe formation. According to it, the initial state of the continuum as the unlimited set of its PSEs is represented by the infinite set of ordinals of the denumerable set:

            К = М   = ;1  + ;2 + ;3 + …  ;n ...

          The cardinal number of the continuum is determined, according to the set theory, by the aleph-one power of real numbers equal to 2 to the aleph-zero power. In the model the visible contradiction between the natural representation of the initial continuum as the continuous medium and its corpuscular nature is resolved when the number ; approaches limitlessly zero. Interpretation of numbers via representation of genesis of material forms from PSEs to SSFs means a transition from its dialectic treatment as the result of mathematical reflexion to the metaphysical treatment as the symbol of concrete material formations. When using the dialectic approach the number is the object of random operations, and the mathematics based on it is the product of speculative operations. When using the metaphysical approach the number is the symbol of the system NO in the evolutionary process. Cantor’s arguments on the immanent and transient reality of integers [3, p. 30] likewise contain contraposition of dialectic and metaphysical interpretations of the number and accompanying mathematical operations.
Filling of the number with profound content of material forms made it possible to embark on development of the mathematical model of the Universe formation. The essence of such a model is in mathematical description of a transition from the chaotic collection of active numbers of the infinite set of ordinals ; to the actual infinite set with the transfinite number ; termed the Universe number in the model. According to the informative model of the formation of the Universe, its genesis can be represented by operations with numbers in the form of classification and interaction. Classification in the model is interpreted as creation of the active four-dimensional matrix; interaction, as formation of the system of active numbers with increasing power. The intellectual, informational, and energy-producing power of the Universe concentrated in the Spiritual World is reflected in the active numerical matrix. Operations occurring in the active numerical matrix as operations representing self-organization of PSEs through classification initiate phenomena taking place in the Universe and reproduce in the matrix operations of synthesis beginning with ; and ending with numbers representing objects of mineral, plant, animal, and human worlds.
          Thus, numbers in the model of the existence of the Universe is reflection of its objects. Genesis of numbers is representation of the formation of objects of the Universe in the form of operations performed by active numbers according to their self-organization. As a result, the number in the model is the algebraic expression reflecting its genesis. Operations of such a genesis are performed with the use of symbols suggested in [4]. The algebraic form of numbers is the set of symbols carrying information on the power and order of numbers. The number, as a mathematical object, contains symbols reflecting the collection of initial elements of the object, multiplicity of their presentation in the object, their main points, actions on them, and actions on actions. In this case, recursion, as a mathematical operation with numbers, reflects most adequately in a symbolic form the synthesis of spiritual entities and interactions occurring between SSFs to the best of their spiritual predisposition and compatibility in attributive properties.

         6. SPIRITUALITY AS AXIOLOGICAL ASPECT OF THE METAPHYSICS OF SPIRIT

          In the metaphysics of spirit [6; 11, p. 133] as the sum total of ideas about the spiritual nature of the Existence, its spiritual--heuristic concept, methodology, and mathematical model, the Universun is reflected in self-organization of NOs from primary infinitesimal forms to cosmic objects and men. It is stated therein that recognition of NOs as spiritual formations that are guided in their behavior by the internal activity, tendency for self-development, and hierarchy is the indispensable condition of creation of the world outlook responding to modern challenges in science, social structures, and men. Such a statement as the mediated confirmation of validity of the metaphysics of spirit does not remove the issue whether the spirituality of NOs is the native property of material forms genetically inherited from primary entities or the spirituality arises and functionally perfects itself in the evolutionary act.
          The concept and its methodology proceeds from the postulate that there is interconditionality between the degree of development of material forms and their spirituality. The spirituality of NOs grows qualitatively, as their structure is complicated in the evolutionary process. Displaying internal activity in primary entities the spirituality is enriched with self-development and hierarchy of NOs. The spirituality defined earlier as the modus property of NOs [9] is comparable to the value-oriented emotion of the human motivating his good actions.
           The mathematical model of the Existence of the Universe (Section 5) creates prerequisites for quantitative estimate of the spirituality of NOs and its compositional complexity. These are due to interrelation of the material-form structure and its spirituality, since the NO represented by the transfinite number is mainly the spiritual entity built in the matrix (Spiritual World). Possessing its own spiritual resource an NO is under the guidance (guardianship) of the Spiritual World (matrix). Concealed spiritual sources of primary material forms depend on the structural ordering of an infinite set of entities constituting NO. The more complex is the NO, the higher is the potential of its spirituality. The human as the most complicated NO possesses the highest spiritual potential. Its genesis as the purpose and meaning of the global evolutionary process is responsible for the value orientation of certain stages of the Universe formation. Their motivation by the spiritual human as the acme of the evolution means that the human is represented as the hierarch of the Universe [10, p. 134 ]. Value reference points of the human life and existence should consist in the self-development of his spiritual substance and have his own hierarch who could motivate the self-development of his spiritual substance to the spiritual structure independent of his body. This structure should become for Metaphysical Reality the same as the PSE is for Transphysical Reality. For this reason, the human for his self-development should seek hierarchs outside of our Reality.
           Extension of self-organization principles to all stages of the evolution in the Universe and Universum altogether led to the philosophical understanding of the Existence on the basis of monism consisting in realization of Its value orientation toward complication of material forms (growth of spirituality) up to the formation of the Universum as the spiritually unified system. The fundamentals of self-organization accepted in the concept are in agreement with the triune interpretation of the God as the creator of the Universe in Christianity. Each hypostasis of the God in the concept manifests itself substantially in the Transfinite, Transphysical, and Metaphysical Realities. The human is included into the third hypostasis of the God if in his behavior the human is guided by spirit--system principles.
          Answers of the metaphysics of spirit to the most important challenges of natural science and humanities are in antinomy to methodological reference points of the scientific picture of the world. Suggesting our model of the origin of the Universe the concept determined the evolutionary process in the mineral, plant, and animal worlds as the purposeful system-linked value-oriented self-organization of NOs. The representation of the Spiritual World by the substance creating our Universe, i.e., directing cosmological, macroscopic, and microscopic processes in It, means refuse from the trialistic paradigm in modern natural science. The concept considers dark substance and dark energy as components of the Spiritual World whose efforts created the Universe. Within the concept we find natural understanding of phenomena in the microcosm, as distinguished from their paradoxical explanation in quantum mechanics. The human psychology in the concept found materiality; the psychological science, the object for investigation. The social organization of men should be judged from the viewpoint that its goals are in agreement with the global evolution of the Universum.

                7. CONCLUSIONS

          The self-organization observed in all spheres of the natural world is taken as the mechanism of self-development of the Universum. Its Existence shows up as the evolution of Realities arising sequentially in the Continuum around radically different forms of materiality exhibiting the spiritual--corpuscular nature. Realities are system-linked to each other. For the Weltschauung arising on these principles the following is typical: the Universe space is a set of spiritual entities endowing it with properties of the thinking substance that provides the formation of the Universe intellectually and energetically. The Universe as one of Realities of the Universum is the megasystem of SSFs; these as any NOs exhibit the internal activity, tendency to self-development, and hierarchy; goals of the existence of each Reality consist in assurance of the appearance of the next Reality. The Universe gives rise to the Metaphysical Reality if elements of its substance (spiritual structures) are created by men and other self-conscious formations of the Universe; the human is the hierarch and goal of the evolution of the Universe. The human seeks his hierarch in the Metaphysical Reality on the path to creating his spiritual structure.
The suggested ideas about the Existence of the Universum, its concept and methodology made it possible to go from the differential description of the existence of the Universe characteristic of modern natural science to the integral system-linked process with participation of subject NOs represented by transfinite (active) numbers. Symbolic description of NOs and operations of self-organization executed by them allowed one to come to mathematical modelling of the formation of the Universe employing the newest achievements of the set theory. The use of the universal apparatus of logic operations creates perspectives for analysis and prediction of global evolution processes in the Universe.
          The representation of the existence of the Universe by the mathematical model became possible due to the metaphysical interpretation of a number as the representation of the genesis of material forms and to reduction of such a genesis to algebraic operations with transfinite numbers. Transition from mathematics as the product of speculations to mathematics as the symbolic description of evolutional processes in the nature means the contribution of radically new ideas to the fundamentals of mathematics and its philosophy.

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Vladimir Nikolaevich Sazonov, Candidate of science, Chairman of the Section
“Philosophical foundations of the spiritual nature of the existence” of the Russian Philosophical Society.
 tel. 8(903)572-96-42, E-mail: vlsazonov@mail.ru

Norwegian Journal of development of the International Science, No. 2, 2017.