On the Concept and Philosophy of Self-Organization

By the date: 200th anniversary of the birth of Karl MarxMarxism turned out to be one of the few revolutionary doctrines, the possibilities of which have not yet been exhausted, and its theoretical foundations are still being analyzed and generalized. One of the features that turns out to be universal is that Marxism considers interaction as a formative category. "Interaction is one of the main philosophical categories that reflects the processes of the influence of various objects on each other, their mutual conditioning and change of state or mutual transition, as well as the generation of one object by another. Interaction is a type of direct or indirect, external or internal relationship, connection." The first materialistic principles of being according to Aristotle – purpose, matter, form, motive cause, which reflect the statics of being, were supplemented by the introduction of interaction by the first principles of the dynamics of being, which include both self-organization and the universal law of increasing entropy. The properties of any object can be manifested and cognized only in interaction with other objects. The evolution of such interactions takes place according to the laws of dialectical logic. Therefore, Marxism is, first of all, dialectical materialism. Some properties of interaction were established by Hegel: "In the nearest way, interaction appears to be the mutual causality of presumed, mutually conditioning substances; each is both an active and a passive substance relative to the other" (Hegel, Soch., vol. 5, Moscow, 1937, p. 691). The property of interacting objects to develop and maintain stability is called "self-organization", and emerging objects are defined by science as organizations, organisms, controlled systems. A simple, but adequate and promising model of self-organizing systems turns out to be the universal law of increasing entropy of natural ensembles located in stationary conditions. Science has proved the connection between changes in entropy and information about the processes that cause changes in the structure of the object under consideration.The universal law of increasing entropy turns out to be a physical model for a large number of self-organizing systems. For example, the criterion for the efficiency of the existence of living systems is the achievement by living systems of the maximum effect from their vital activity at the same time with the minimum expenditure of their energy. The study of the properties of the algorithm for finding the extremum of the entropy function allows us to transfer these properties to all other self-organizing systems. The economic basis of society should also be included here. The study of self-organization processes shows that when solving the problems of finding the extremum of a function, physical variables and information about the state of a self-organizing system are used sequentially. It is this strategy that K. Marx adheres to in his "Capital". Such private studies, as a rule, provide definitive solutions. However, the problem is to integrate the results into a certain system. In addition, some of the unknowns must be accepted a priori due to the fact that the number of unknowns grows faster than the number of equations to find them.At the same time, the algorithm for finding the extremum of the goal function has such a valuable property as maintaining stability when the number of unknowns increases. In addition, control systems that search for the extremum of the target function often use the "blind/random" search method. The essence of random search is that the controlled variables change randomly, and only those sets of changes that lead the control system to the goal are preserved. The advantage of this algorithm is that the target itself is subject to random changes. So it is impossible to analyze the management task in advance and offer its solution. A similar situation takes place in games, in command and control, under changing external conditions. The solution, so to speak, is known a priori: for example, "the construction of socialism". The historical path that will lead society to the set goal is the SOLUTION of the political problem. The management of variables will be a combination of trial and positive and negative outcomes.Of course, it is clear that the center of gravity of making important decisions is shifted to the realm of ideology, morality, culture, and so on. However, here we are faced with a curiosity. An a priori solution is an idealistic construction. But it is enough to agree that ideas have material power in the sense of influencing the material basis of society, then everything falls into place. We get a holistic approach to solving our problems.
   01/01/2018
© Copyright: Vitaly Sholokhov, 2018Certificate of publication No218010200205