Quantization of charges

QUANTIZATION OF CHARGES IN THE FORMAT OF MAGNETIC MONOPOLE BIFURCATION WITH DOUBLING OF IT`S INFOGENOME.

Member of the International Public Organization PU IAIT, engineer, independent researcher in the field of Fractal Synthesis and Linguistic Physics of the corresponding sector of the International Institute of Humanitarian and Ecological Projects (IHEP) as part of the International Academy of Information Technologies (PU IAIT). Florida, USA. Toronto, Canada. Minsk, Belarus.
Email: antoniyau@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT.

As is known, electric charge occurs in nature only in the form of an integer number of elementary charges that cannot be divided further. And the electric charge of any microsystem and macroscopic bodies is always a number multiple of the minimum charge e (or zero).
The reason for such "quantization" of charge has not yet been established. One of the hypotheses, put forward by P. Dirac in 1931, is based on the existence of magnetic monopoles. This hypothesis went down in history under the name "Dirac monopole".
The presented work shows that the process of charge quantization occurs in the method of bipartition/fibration of a magnetic monopole and its geometric transformation into a magnetic dipole with the transfer of the original InfoGenome "charge" to each of the dipole arms. In the process of subsequent fibrations and obtaining a set of magnetic dipoles connected in a topological node, the minimum charge is transferred to each copy in the self-copying method, forming a total charge of the structure, a multiple of the minimum. With such a geometric transformation, the opposite charge and the physical value of the "charge" are actualized, which are related to the frame parameters of the magnetic monopole and are in it in a hidden and unmanifested form.
As a result, it is shown that the multiplicity of the minimum charge is due to the method of copying the InfoGenome of the magnetic monopole in the process of its bifurcation with doubling of its frame parameters and transfer of the original InfoGene of inversion to all subsequent generations in the phases of geometric transformations in the process of growth of the structure (matter) from within.
This article is an extract from the author's monograph and subsequent works based on it. [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10]

«I think the physical world itself is a very ordinary one that is completely classical. The trouble is, the world still appears complicated to us now, which is why we’re in this situation». Nobel laureate and Breakthrough Prize laureate in physics G. 't Hooft [18]

More than a hundred years ago, Robert Andrews Millikan conducted his famous experiment, which made it possible to prove quite reliably that an electric charge is always a multiple of a certain small value, and even calculate it quite accurately.
R. A. Millikan's experiment and a number of other experiments showed that in nature, electric charges consist of discrete charges of constant magnitude.
In the latest experiment of 2021, published in SCIENTIFIC REPORTS "Visualizing the electron's quantization with a ruler" [11], physicists modified the famous experiment of R. A. Millikan, which made it possible to verify with the naked eye the discreteness of the elementary electric charge.
Nevertheless, the answer to the question of the cause of discreteness, quantization and multiplicity to the minimum has not yet been received.
"According to modern views, there is a maximum possible difference in magnitude between an electron and a proton for elementary particles. But no one understands why their charges are equal with such fantastic precision. It is obvious that charge quantization is a mysterious and universal law of nature. We can hope that in the future some new discovery or insight of theorists will explain it." [12]
Charge quantization in physics means that electric charge occurs in nature only as an integer number of elementary charges, which cannot be divided further.
As can be seen from the current state, the question of charge quantization requires the following answers:
- What is a reason for the discreteness of charges?
- What is a reason for quantization and the multiplicity of the minimum charge?
- What is a connection between quantization and the multiplicity of the minimum charge with a magnetic monopole?
- What is the form representation of the monopole and what are its main properties?

The existence of a magnetic monopole was predicted by P. Dirac in 1931. [1] [2] The prediction does not contain any specific form representation or a sufficiently specific descriptive characteristic. Nevertheless, the intuitive insight into the existence of a monopole includes the thought that the idea of a magnetic monopole is too elegant not to be used by Nature itself.
"But it is precisely the multiplicity of all observed charges to the charge of an electron that is one of the fundamental laws of nature. If M. m. existed, this law would have a natural explanation. No other explanation of the quantization of electric charge is known." P.A.M. Dirac [2]
In 1974, Gerard 't Hooft and Alexander Polyakov independently discovered that the existence of a magnetic monopole is not only possible, as hypothetically predicted by P. Dirac, but also obligatory in a certain class of field theories.
In theoretical physics, the 't Hooft–Polyakov monopole is a topological soliton similar to the Dirac monopole but without the Dirac string. It arises in the case of Yang–Mills theory with a gauge group associated with the Higgs field, which spontaneously splits it into a smaller group via the Higgs mechanism. It was first found by Gerard 't Hooft and Alexander Polyakov independently. [3] [4] Unlike the Dirac monopole, the 't Hooft–Polyakov monopole is a smooth solution with finite total energy.
When describing a magnetic monopole, the general inclination of thought goes into defining that "magnetic monopoles are theoretical particles that have one isolated magnetic charge, unlike conventional magnets, which have both north and south poles." [Google]
"No matter how sophisticated you try, you will not get a unipolar magnet - a positive or negative magnetic charge, or a monopole. In other words, magnetic monopoles do not exist in nature." [Google]
It should be noted here that poles and charges are not the same thing. Yes, it is impossible to obtain a unipolar magnet, all baryonic matter is in a state of dipole. And no matter how much you divide a magnet, each separated part will retain the properties of the whole. The same property is inherent in a hologram. Therefore, there is a universal structure inherent in magnetism, as well as in a hologram based on it, which is capable of retaining this property in the method of division. The fact that it is impossible to obtain a unipolar magnet – a positive or negative magnetic charge, does not mean at all that magnetic monopoles do not exist in Nature. Too elegant an idea, as it was designated by P. Dirac! Nature is optimal, creative and brilliant.
The whole question is how the scientific community at the current stage of development understands a concept of monopole and how close it has come to Nature in its understanding. Within the current particle-based paradigm, the understanding of a magnetic monopole is as follows.
«In particle physics, a magnetic monopole is a hypothetical particle that is an isolated magnet with only one magnetic pole (a north pole without a south pole or vice versa). [1][2] A magnetic monopole would have a net north or south "magnetic charge". Modern interest in the concept stems from particle theories, notably the grand unified and superstring theories, which predict their existence. [3][4] The known elementary particles that have electric charge are electric monopoles». [Wikipedia, magnetic monopole]
Next, we will also turn to the experiments conducted over the past decade and a half. Based on P. Dirac's hypothesis on the existence of a magnetic monopole, as well as on the fact of studying processes in condensed media, a number of experiments have been conducted over the past 10-15 years to detect magnetic monopoles or structures that behave like magnetic monopoles. [6, [94] – [116]]
The experiments focus on the fact that the monopole is explained and considered as a uni-polar unit (the scientific position of modern theories). Based on this, the interpretations of the experiments are given in the format of magnetic uni-polarity, even if what is observed in them could be interpreted differently.
The interpretation of the concept of a "magnetic monopole" as a uni-polar physical unit contradicts the concept of the essence of magnetism itself, which is characterized by natural duality – two poles. Therefore, the presentation of mono-polarity as uni-polarity does not correspond to the essence of universal natural duality, mediated by the original principle of complementarity, which implies the existence of its equivalent in everything without exception and the existing concept of complementarity is based on the comprehensiveness of the principle of complementarity.
Consideration of the essence of magnetism itself and the magnetic monopole in the format of the universalism of natural duality (complementarity) shows the following.
Universal complementary duality in the context of its physical implementation in magnetism and its polarities has two main phases: the phase of mono-polarity (monopole) and the phase of bi-polarity (dipole).
The phase of mono-polarity is characterized by internal hidden polarities and the absence of an external magnetic field, which is inherent in magnetic monopoles, while the phase of bipolarity is characterized by polarities and a magnetic field expressed outwardly, which is inherent in magnetic dipoles.
The mono-polarity phase as a phase of unmanifested matter is inherent in the etheric units (magnetic monopoles) of the matrix structure of the supporting Cosmic Medium. The bi-polarity phase is inherent in the manifested baryonic matter. All baryonic matter is magnetic dipoles.
The mono-polarity phase and the internal closure of polarities mediate the basic properties of quantum breathing as continuous and unceasing oscillations.
The bi-polarity phase inherits the basic properties of a monopole and at the same time determines gravity and mass, which are manifested during the transition of the etheric magnetic monopole from the mono-polarity phase to the bi-polarity phase, that is, during the geometric transformation of a magnetic monopole into a magnetic dipole and the actualization of the dipole properties of matter.
The mono-polarity phase corresponds to an etheric magnetic loop, topologically closed through an inverse turn, which can be geometrically displayed using a geometric analogue of the complementarity principle – a Mobius strip with one 180-degree turn. It should be noted that to this day, no known theoretical physicist has proposed considering a magnetic loop as closed through inversion.
The bipolarity phase corresponds to the basic element of nature – a magnetic loop with two inversions (two 180-degree turns), obtained in the first phase of the geometric transformation of a magnetic monopole into a magnetic dipole.
In the state of mono-polarity or monopole, magnetism (magnetic field) does not have its external manifestation like a bar magnet. Such a state can be called an unmanifest or hidden state of magnetism. And the entire so-called hidden mass of matter, which in the current scientific view has received the names "dark matter" and "dark energy", which, according to scientific data, accounts for 25% and 95% of matter, respectively, is in a state of monopole (mono-polarity) and is not recorded by equipment.
Based on the logic described above, the concept of "mono-polarity" does not mean uni-polarity. Mono-polarity is a phase state of duality of magnetism, when its polarities represent an internal character of closure without the manifestation of an external magnetic field for interactions. That is, a monopole is not a uni-polar unit, but a complementary duality "two in one", which is in the phase of polarities that are not manifested externally in dipole state.
As a result of such anti-phase closure, Nature organizes the process of continuous and non-stop oscillations with emission-absorption of discrete portions of etheric magneto-plasma (quanta). That is, a monopole is not a unipolar unit, but a complementary duality “two in one”, which is in the phase of polarities that are not manifested externally.
It should be noted that to this day in the science of physics the cause of continuous and non-stop oscillations has no explanation. As shown above, considering the original magnetic loop as closed through inversion gives this phenomenon a sufficiently clear and logical explanation. A magnetic loop is a sub-micro-magnetic flux curved by an antiphase closure, the twisting of which causes it to twist and, as it were, return to its previous state, which generates an eternal self-rotating movement.
In the descriptive approach based on the ontology of the fundamental principle of complementarity [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] the following conclusion is made:
A magnetic monopole is a sub-micro-magnetoelectric circuit and a quantum-mechanical unit of the matrix of the etheric Quantum Medium, which, due to the effect of reconnection, performs self-motion of a two-cycle revolution (spin oscillations) with emission-absorption of magneto-plasma quanta, has a vector spin potential and creates a vibrational background of the etheric Quantum Medium.
The geometric representation of the magnetic monopole is considered in more detail in [6]. The main thing is that, based on the ontology of the complementary principle, the Mobius strip with one 180-degree turn is taken as the basis of the initial geometric form of the magnetic monopole – the form of the quantum phenomenon.
Thus, the magnetic monopole is the initial unit whose polarities, so to speak, are closed in one topology. The framework properties of the Mobius magnetic monopole are its InfoGenome. The main InfoGenome of the magnetic monopole is its inversion, which mediates spiralization, the two-cycle nature of the reversal or spin, the charge potential, quantum breathing and the hydrodynamic property of spontaneous bifurcation (fibration) with doubling of the magnetic flux. [5][6][7][8][9]
As shown in [6], the unit of the etheric Quantum Medium in the form of a dynamic topologically closed magnetic loop-monopole (Mobius strip) does not indicate a mathematical abstraction of a physical point, but, as can be seen from the proposed illustration, such a unit takes a form with a specific physical content that determines the vortex nature of the magnetic field and the ability to interact with the current structures of the etheric magneto-plasma.
The vortex nature of the magnetic field is represented by a Mobius spiral, and the shape of the currents inside such a spiral has the configuration of a wrapped sinusoid. That is, both the magnetic lines themselves and the energy current produced by them have the form of a Mobius spiralization.
To visualize such a spiralization I used the illustrations below from various publications, including those devoted to stellarators [13]. In particular, it is clear from the illustrations that, when creating stellarator equipment, engineering thought follows steadfastly the same patterns used by Nature itself.
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