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Sholokhov V. G. Sotsial'noe – prirodnoe [Social – Natural]. Moscow, 2003


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A small monograph of the candidate of technical V. G. Sholokhov, a specialist in the field of cybernetics, is a real essay on complex philosophical topics. It is devoted to social philosophy, but contains necessary methodological material, without which it is impossible to obtain new results in such a sphere as the knowledge of human society. The author comes from from clear materialist positions in the analysis of ontological problems. Im the concept of a single universe in the form of a single optimizer is considered; which has as its "goal" not an increase in entropy, that is, the fulfillment of the second law thermodynamics. This optimizer is an extreme regulator having an infinite number of "feedback chains". Every Feedback It is characterized by a certain average frequency of "searching" for the extremum of the target function. However, the phases of these frequencies are uncorrelated, that is, random. As a result, Nature "realizes" a random search. The "behavior" of the optimizer is characterized by also randomness in the function of the goal, since the system can be "left" or "to the right" of the extreme value. The latter objectively gives one degree freedom according to each system, that is, predetermines the objective existence of the accidents, even if all "search" processes were correlated.

Since reality is one, each "feedback chain" is the same object considered in a certain range frequencies of his self-regulating life. The model of the "mechanism of hierarchical search optimization of the corresponding energy target criteria of adaptive behavior of the living" in the projection of the entire range of (average) frequencies from minus infinity to plus infinity is considered in the monograph by S. N. Grinchenko – follower of the author (see: "Systemic Memory of the Living" (as the basis of his meta evolution and periodic structure). Moscow, IPIRAN Publ., Mir Publ., 2004. – 512 p.).

The reviewed monograph considers one level, corresponding to the time intervals characteristic of human activity. This The level appears to us as an infinite number of parallel and existing private optimizers, whose goal function can be modified depending on the amount of information used by such a system. Parallel The existence of such a large number of optimizers is possible due to the large number of optimizers stability of the search engine optimization process itself and the "proximity" of reverse connections.

Simulate a Parallel Action Process optimizers reveals two important properties of these systems. If, for example, there are two optimizer "work" for a common goal, then the area of extreme value function is reached twice as fast as each of the optimizers separately (synergetic effect). If there are two SEOs in a shared environment strive to achieve different goals, then each of them equally fails to achieve extreme value of the target function, since the signal of one is a hindrance to the other. And it is known from information theory that if the signal becomes smaller level of interference, then the information disappears and the regulation stops. This is the property of equal failure to reach the extremum of the goal function in the form of equality dA = dB is posited by the author in the basis of the theory of interaction of systems of different nature and, in particular, interaction between man, society and nature.

A feature of living systems is the use of memory. Memory is an element of the reflexive structure of the organization, which arises in the the process of evolution of interacting systems. To describe this reflexive structure, the author uses a scheme for constructing an image of an object in two parallel mirrors. This model is generalized by the author to the following degree of universality, which allows the use of a two-mirror model for analysis of the structures of dialectical contradictions.

However, the structure of the emerging organization of the system extreme regulation can be interpreted not only as a reflexive structure, but also as a system of preparation and decision-making. Other equivalent representations of this organization are also possible. Model organization is also generalized by the author to the level of a system of principles of system analysis (see: Appendix No 2 of the book under consideration). The author comes to the conclusion that he himself The process of cognition has a structure and functions of a system organization. Levels reflections are interpreted as stages of the dialectical development of the structure system.

Since the function of the "goal" of existence is defined by the author as the problem of fulfilling the second law of thermodynamics, then, of course, in the monograph The properties of entropy are analyzed. The author uses the method of L. Landau for variation functions of entropy and discovery of interesting properties of information. Dimension information has a structure that breaks down in such a statistical ensemble, which is society, into dimensional variables: labor, product, energy, resource and infrastructure.

The author believes that in society these variables form Together with information (wealth), there are six spheres that reflexively interact with each other. This allows you to apply to each pair interacting spheres general concept and consider such issues as value, wages, labor productivity, etc. on the formula of labor productivity, which is considered as a the process of interaction between man and society. The analysis shows that the labor productivity of an (average) person depends on correlation of the needs of man and society in labor and product, and can range from minus to plus infinity, passing several bifurcation points.

Historically Set Level of Performance labor predetermines the "permitted" combination of the correlation of human needs and society in labor and product. Constant reproduction of this combination is provided by the so-called "social regulators". They, according to There were at least four in history: violence, morality, the state, and market. Today, the highest values of labor productivity are provided by in society by law and law. In the course of the historical development of each corresponding combination of needs, and the corresponding socio-economic formation.

The monograph attempts to prove coincidence of socio-economic formations established by the author with formation theory of K. Marx. It also considers the issues of social transformations. The most interesting result, in our opinion, is that The same level of labor productivity can be achieved both individualist and collectivist society. At work The features of these different societies are considered. The author of the monograph makes the conclusion that it is not necessary to change the type of society during transformations.

In a new way in the work under review, the question of social stratification in society. Since in society there are really representatives of any combinations of needs, it is postulated that In fact, all known social regulators, thereby ensuring the division of people into layers, which conditionally can be called classes. The stratum of society that provides the highest the level of the value of labor productivity, as a rule, is ruling class, or at least has the moral right to become a such.

Proportion of exchange between society and a particular person depends, in the opinion of V. G. Sholokhov, on the needs of a real person in labor and product. But these needs depend, in turn, on what he owns a person (from his property). This creates a real basis for inequality people in front of society and the theoretical problem of achieving equality. Solution of this problem, the author sees in the fact that the "principle of equality". Its essence is that the exchange between man and society must be carried out equal amounts of wealth. This is generally not the case at this time due to the failure to take into account all the variables that affect the production of wealth.

In accordance with what is said in the author's concept, the concept of "wealth" occupies a fundamental place. The author offers an original approach to the estimation of the produced wealth in terms of the value of the flow of entropy generated by the the activity of the human ensemble, which society exchanges with nature. The chapter of the monograph "On Wealth and Information" is specifically devoted to this issue.

The monograph also contains a brief abstract of research on social philosophy, sociology and sociological research in Russia. This abstract confirms that the methods and results of the author's research are quite original. The monograph also includes six appendices, in which The issues under discussion are considered in more detail.

In this work, the author touches upon the fundamental ontological issues of philosophy. It must be said that, in addition to cybernetics, there are a number of interdisciplinary sciences, for example, synergetics, research which in this area should also be considered by the author. The noted shortcoming, however, does not, in our opinion, reduce the value of the of the work under review.

We are deeply convinced that the monograph under review V. G. Sholokhov's "Social – Natural" will be met with interest specialists in the field of ontology and methodology of cognition, as well as social philosophy.

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Issue No4(41)/2005

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Sholokhov V. G. Sotsial'noe – prirodnoe [Social – Natural]. Moscow, 2003

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