The Greatest Show from Darwin 15. The formula for

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15. The formula for success

In any scientific theory, some judgments are derived from other judgments based on certain rules of logic. Any mathematical formula is a combination of mathematical signs expressing a certain statement. Simply put, an equality, in the left part of which is the desired one, and in the right - a set of variables.
To verify the formula, combinations of mathematical signs on the right side of the equation are usually analyzed, and the theory is checked by a logical chain of reasoning leading to the statement being proved.
It does not occur to anyone to discuss the correctness of the desired judgment (the variable on the left side of the equation), instead of proving or disproving the right side of the equation.
By the way, an erroneous set of mathematical signs or a gap in the logical chain does not automatically refute the desired statement. It is quite possible that the theory has a different logical proof.
According to Darwin's theory, all living organisms evolve through the mechanism of natural selection; in the modern interpretation - through the non—random selection of random mutations, where evolution is the desired judgment, and the mechanism of natural selection is proof.
There is only one theory in the world, disputes about which are conducted mostly around what is being sought, instead of dealing with the mechanism itself. And this is Darwin's theory. Let me remind you, the description of the Darwinian mechanism in Dawkins' words: "Without any selecting agent, those individuals who are "selected" by the fact of having the best equipment necessary for survival are most likely to reproduce, and therefore pass on their genes for having the best equipment."
Let's not forget the definition of Charles Darwin himself in The Origin of Species: "We can say that natural selection investigates the smallest variations daily and hourly around the world, discarding the bad ones, preserving and composing the good ones, working silently and imperceptibly, wherever and whenever the opportunity presents itself, on the improvement of each organic being according to in relation to the conditions of his life, organic and inorganic.
We do not notice anything in these slow changes in development until the hand of time marks the elapsed centuries, and even then our understanding of the geological past is imperfect: we only notice that modern life forms differ from those that once existed."
Such an uncomplicated picture emerges: imperceptible beneficial mutations, selected by even more imperceptible natural selection, develop into noticeable changes over the centuries. If mutations are almost impossible to detect, then the changes are noticeable even to the naked eye.
This is a generalized picture, but what about the details?
Here is an explanatory quote from the book "The Greatest Show on Earth: Evidence of Evolution" by Professor Dawkins: "the speed of change will be so slow that we will not notice trends from generation to generation, just as we cannot see the movement of the clock on our watch — and just as we cannot see the process of growth a child, we can only see that he became a teenager, and even later an adult.
Another reason we don't notice changes in rabbits from one generation to the next is that in any given century, variations within the current population will usually be greater than variations between mothers and daughters."
End quote.
The formula is not easy. Just think about it, natural selection should "investigate the smallest variations all over the world," and these "useful" variations are smaller than the usual "variations within the current population."
I don't know about you, but this task seems quite problematic to me. The choice, in general, is a complicated thing, and the choice of something almost imperceptible, albeit very useful, from a huge variety of something more noticeable, even more so.
No longer relying on my own logical abilities, I will try to imagine a primitive illustration of the described process.

* - I apologizes for my English. I would be grateful for the corrections.

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