Халтура от Кампании
Исследование - это не просто пересказ чего-то из уст третьего лица или родственника друга свидетеля каких-то событий, и тем более слухов и анекдотов. Это непосредственное участие в самом процессе, личное наблюдение, опрос всех сторон, фотографирование, сбор фактологических и статистических данных, анализ и синтез сведений, изучение документов и многое другое.
Отчет по минной ситуации в Узбекистане Кампании по запрещению противопехотных мин за 2011 год я могу назвать в лучшем случае отпиской. Это не исследование и даже не статья. Компиляция сведений, еле-еле наскребанных из Интернета и изданий, не имеющих отношение к Узбекистану. То есть информацию собирали не в Узбекистане, а в других странах, по косвенным темам. Это все равно что изучать уровень бедности в Джизаке, читая газету Африканс Дэйли по количеству чихов и сморканий, или о сборе зерновых в Сырдарьинской области по заметке в журнале Парагвая, как разводятся черепахи. Иначе говоря, прохалтурили исследователи, находящиеся за тысячу километров от этой центрально-азиатской республики.
Хотя все это проглотит неискушенный читатель. А организаторам и руководителям Landmine Monitor все равно - бабки освоены, что-то опубликовано, а как в реальности - так это мало кого интересует, ведь Узбекистан не участник Оттавской Конвении 1996 года. Можно просто повторить опубликованное что-то ранее.
Отчет приложен внизу:
UzbekistanLast Updated: 24 October 2011
Mine Ban Policy
Mine ban policy overview
Mine Ban Treaty status
Not a State Party
Pro-mine ban UNGA voting record
Abstained on Resolution 65/48 in December 2010 as it did on similar General Assembly resolutions in previous years
Participation in Mine Ban Treaty meetings
Has never attended a Mine Ban Treaty meeting, including the Tenth Meeting of States Parties in Geneva in November–December 2010 or the intersessional meetings in June 2011
Policy
The Republic of Uzbekistan has not acceded to the Mine Ban Treaty. Uzbekistan has stated that mines are necessary for national security to prevent the flow of narcotics, arms, and insurgent groups across its borders. Uzbekistan did not attend any international meeting on the Mine Ban Treaty during 2010 or the first half of 2011.
Uzbekistan is party to the Convention on Conventional Weapons (CCW) and its original Protocol II on landmines, but has not joined CCW Amended Protocol II or CCW Protocol V on explosive remnants of war.
Use, production, transfer, and stockpiling
Uzbekistan has stated that it does not produce antipersonnel mines. 1. It is not known to have exported the weapon. It inherited a stockpile of antipersonnel mines from the Soviet Union. The size, composition, and condition of the stockpile are not known. One Ministry of Defense official indicated the stock consisted of OZM-72, PОМZ, and PMN antipersonnel mines, while another said it contains all types of mines that were made in the Soviet Union. The mines are held by both the Ministry of Defense and the Committee on State Border Protection. 2.
Uzbekistan has used antipersonnel mines in the past, including on its borders with Afghanistan in 1998, Kyrgyzstan in 1999, and Tajikistan in 2000.
1. Letter to the Monitor from Amb. Shavkat Khamrakulov, Embassy of Uzbekistan to the United States, 31 July 2001. Other officials have also made this claim.
2. Interviews with a Ministry of Defense engineering officer, May 2004, and a Ministry of Defense official, February 2003.
Last Updated: 15 June 2011
Cluster Munition Ban Policy
The Republic of Uzbekistan has not acceded to the Convention on Cluster Munitions.
Uzbekistan did not participate in the Oslo Process that created the convention and has never attended a meeting on cluster munitions. It has made no public statement on cluster munitions.
Uzbekistan is not party to the Mine Ban Treaty. It is party to the Convention on Conventional Weapons (CCW), but has not ratified CCW Protocol V on explosive remnants of war and has not participated in CCW discussions on cluster munitions.
Uzbekistan is not known to have produced or exported cluster munitions. It inherited a stockpile of cluster munitions from the Soviet Union. Jane’s Information Group reports that KMG-U dispensers that deploy submunitions are in service with the country’s air force. 1.
Uzbekistan also possesses Grad 122mm and Uragan 220mm surface-to-surface rockets, but it is not known if these include versions with submunition payloads. 2.
1. Robert Hewson, ed., Jane’s Air-Launched Weapons, Issue 44 (Surrey, UK: Jane’s Information Group Limited, 2004), p. 848.
2. International Institute for Strategic Studies, The Military Balance 2011 (London: Routledge, 2011), p. 280.
Last Updated: 11 August 2011
Mine Action
Contamination and Impact
Mines
Uzbek forces emplaced mines along its international borders at various times: on its borders with Afghanistan in 1998, with Kyrgyzstan in 1999, and with Tajikistan in 2000. Soviet troops also laid mines on the Uzbek-Afghan border. Survey on the Tajik side of the border over several years had identified a total of 57 suspected hazardous areas (size unknown) as of December 2008. 1. However, according to information received by Tajikistan from the Embassy of Uzbekistan in Tajikistan, Uzbekistan had cleared 95% of minefields along the Tajik border by the end of 2007. 2. Demining operations were said to have been conducted by Uzbek army deminers in cooperation with Tajik border troops. 3.
In 2005, media reports cited Kyrgyz officials in Batken province as saying Kyrgyz border guards had checked previously mined areas of the border around the settlements of Ak-Turpak, Chonkara, and Otukchu, which had been cleared by Uzbek deminers, and confirmed that they were free of contamination. 4. According to the most recent information available (2005), Uzbekistan has no plans to clear mines laid on its 150km border with Afghanistan. 5.
Cluster munition remnants and other explosive remnants of war
It is not known to what extent Uzbekistan is contaminated with explosive remnants of war. In July 2008, an explosion at an army ammunition storage area in Kagan town in Bukhara region killed at least three people and injured 21. 6. There were unconfirmed reports of further casualties. 7. The extent of any residual contamination from the explosion is not known. There is no evidence of any cluster munition remnants in Uzbekistan.
1. Email from Jonmahmad Rajabov, Director, Tajikistan Mine Action Center, 16 February 2009.
2. See Tajikistan Mine Ban Treaty Article 7 Report, “General situation,” 3 February 2008, p. 3.
3. “Uzbekistan started demining on Tajik border,” Spy.kz, 23 October 2007, www.spy.kz.
4. “Kyrgyzstan-Tajikistan: Landmine threat along Uzbek border removed,” IRIN, www.irinnews.org.
5. Information provided to the Monitor by source in Ministry of Defense, April 2005.
6. “Some explosions happened at the Rocket-Artillery Ammunition Store of the Military Base of the Ministry of
Defense of Uzbekistan,” Rossiyskaya Gazeta (Russian newspaper), 10 July 2008, www.rg.ru.
7. Geneva International Centre for Humanitarian Demining, “A Guide to Ammunition Storage,” Geneva, November 2008, p. 57.
Другие статьи в литературном дневнике:
