Runtu Mesoamerican cities dating with Arts of War

Фото: 2006 Москва : Юбилей Россиянина Иосифа Бродского ( Josef Brodsky: 1940 - 1996 : Photo : 2006: Iosif Brodsky: Russian and American poet and essayist). Академик Юри Рюнтю в Столичном Образовательном Центре США / http://proza.ru/2021/10/28/817 / в здании Всероссийской Государственной Библиотеки Иностранной Литературы им. Маргариты Ивановны Рудомино : Директор Центра Мариса Фушилл ( Marisa Fushille : USA ) : / http://proza.ru/2021/11/13/1799 / , Photo: 2006 : Academician Uri Runtu and Marisa Fushille : Moscow Russia 2006 / Iouri Runtu: French / http://proza.ru/2021/11/13/800 / Юри Рюнтю : Russian / Uri Runtu: Rudolf Noureev : La Mort a Paris : English Yuri Ryuntyu / the Neo-transcendental theatre / Media TV Radio Canberra ACT Australia : 2006 - 2022.

2017_ The-Stanford-Prison-Experiment _ Black Lives Matter in Prisons: QLD and Indigenous Gays in Australia: Prisons in QLD _ Рюнтю Юри _ Runtu _ Writer _ Journalist Yuri Ryuntyu _ Gay Culture in Prison: QLD: Cairns _ Stanford University: academician Yuri Ryuntyu _ academician Iouri Runtu _ Gays and Prisoners in QLD_NSW_ TAS_ACT: Gays in Prisons: LGBTQ _ Lotus Glen Correctional Centre _ 2012-2017 _ Gays in Prison: QLD: Australia : 2024

     2015 : UN : Gays 'projects : USA _ Australia :  Stanford University : academician Yuri Matthew Ryuntyu : BIO : Personal Science Subject: Stanford University : Australian Gays in Prison : Lotus Glen: Correctional Centre: _ Prison for Gays in QLD _ NSW _ ACT _ LGBTQ _  Prisoners : Black Gays in QLD _ Black Lives Matter and Indigenous Australians _ The-Stanford-Prison-Experiment _ USA : Рюнтю Юри _ academician Uri  Runtu _ Writer _ Journalist Yuri Ryuntyu _ Gay Culture in  Cairns _ academician Ryuntyu Yuri_ academician Iouri Runtu _ QLD_NSW_ TAS_ACT _ Australia 2012-2017: LGBTQI – Cultural Gay Projects: 2024: since the 1st of September 2012 until the 1st of September 2017:  USA _ Australia _ Russia _ NZ _ UK – _ Black Gays in Prison: QLD :  Gays in Prison : QLD _ Australia: Lotus Glen Prison : QLD _  2012-2017

    QLD : Australia : Queensland’s parliament on March 22, 2017  passed an amendment to the criminal code to remove the so-called “gay panic” defence-homophobic law) for accused murderers trying to reduce their charge to the lesser crime of manslaughter.

     2017 :  “Queensland’s criminal code must not be seen to condone violence against the gay community, or indeed any community,” said in a statement the Queensland’s Attorney-General and Minister for Justice Yvette D’Ath. “The passing of this legislation sends an important message that discrimination is not acceptable and that we value the LGBTI (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transsexual, and intersex) community.”

      South Australia is now the only state allowing the “gay panic” defence.


    Being labelled a homosexual can bring about your death even if you're not one.

     That law is a danger not only to homosexuals but a danger to anyone – anyone can say he made an advance on me and get out on manslaughter.

   Ic;ne mondiale du web: Black Lives Matter and Indigenous Australians: Lotus Glen Correctional Centre: _ Australian Gays in Prison: QLD: : 2024


Статья ' На 2017 - Узаконили Браки Лесбиянок - в Австралии ryuntyu'   / http://www.proza.ru/2017/11/15/260 / 2017 - Рюнтю Юри / Yuri Ryuntyu Australia/ Австралия /   

Статья ' 15. 11. 2017 Австралы - Узаконила Браки Геев Дома / http://www.proza.ru/2017/11/15/268 / 2017 - Рюнтю Юри / Yuri Ryuntyu Australia/ Австралия /   

Runtu Mesoamerican cities dating with Arts of War   /  http://proza.ru/2023/12/02/942 /


2023 - Русско-язычная Культура в Австралии : / http://proza.ru/2023/11/15/113 / : Автор на Проза.Ру : Кто и откуда Юри Рюнтю / http://proza.ru/2021/03/01/1646 / : Родился : 1949 Россия - Живет и Работает : с 1980 : Австралия Франция США : Iouri Runtu: French : / http://proza.ru/2021/10/28/817 / Hео-трансцендентальный театр : Австралия ISBN 978-1-925278-36-1 Canberra Australia 2022

2023 - Русско-язычная Культура в Австралии : Статья Автор : " Критик Людмила Cафронова и книги автора Runtu Uri " / http://proza.ru/2008/05/20/221 / Iouri Runtu: French / Юри Рюнтю : Russian / Uri Runtu: English : the Neo-transcendental theatre : 2022

2023 : Tiktok : Runtu, Uri Telegram : Автор и 62 книги о Россиянах на 2-DVDs в Библиотеках Москвы : ' О Pусском 3арубежьe в США, Европе и Австралии ' : Общение и Опыт жизни Выдающихся личностей - помог мне прожить счастливую жизнь на Западе и в России : Библиотечные Фонды России: Hео-трансцендентальный театр 2000-2004 / http://www.proza.ru/2006/04/14-339 / Media TV Radio Celebrities Russia / http://proza.ru/2021/03/31/135 / 2022

2023 - 2006 : Telegram : Runtu, Uri TikTok : Canberra ACT Australia / http://proza.ru/2020/06/16/1154 / Фото: 2006 : Московский Образовательный Центр США в здании Всероссийской Государственной Библиотеки Иностранной Литературы им. Маргариты Ивановны Рудомино: Москва Россия 2006 / http://www.proza.ru/2016/05/05/1124 / Дар - из 62 книг писателя на двух ДВД-дисках для Библиотечных Фондов США: лично передан - Директору Центра Марисе Фушилл ( Mrs Marisa Fushille : USA ) - 62 книги автора ' О Pусском 3арубежьe в США, в Европе и Австралии ' для Библиотечных Фондов России: лично переданы - госпоже Ольге Валентиновне Синицыной ( Mrs Olga Sinitsina : Deputy Director General : Russia ), директору Всероссийской Государственной Библиотеки Иностранной Литературы. Photo: 2006 : Academician Yuri Ryuntyu and Marisa Fushille and Olga Sinitsina in Moscow Russia 2006 / http://www.proza.ru/2006/04/14-339 / Media TV Radio Celebrities Russia / Iouri Runtu: French : Rudolf Noureev : La Mort a Paris / Юри Рюнтю : Russian / Uri Runtu: English / Canberra ACT Australia : the Neo-transcendental theatre : 2006 - 2022.



3. The Arts of War / http://proza.ru/2023/12/02/942  / "

Clark tells us that Book of Mormon ideas of ancient American warfare show that he got details right that he could not have known by himself:

The information on warfare in the Book of Mormon is particularly rich and provides ample opportunity to check Joseph Smith’s luck in getting the details right.

The warfare described in the book differs from what Joseph could have known or imagined.

In the book, one reads of fortified cities with trenches, walls, and palisades. Mesoamerican cities dating to Nephite times have been found with all these features.

Again, the mound builder myths mention these very characteristics. Here’s a description from 1803 by Rev. Dr. Thaddeus Harris of Massachusetts of such fortifications:

The situation of these works is on an elevated plain, above the present bank of the Muskingum, on the east side, and about half a mile from its junction with the Ohio.

They consist of walls and mounds of earth, in direct lines, and in square and circular forms.

The largest square fort, by some called the town, contains forty acres, encompassed by a wall of earth, from six to ten feet high, and from twenty-five to thirty-six in breadth at the base.

On each side are three openings, at equal distances, resembling twelve gateways. The entrances at the middle, are the largest particularly on the side next to the Muskingum.

From this outlet is a covert way, formed of two parallel walls of earth, two hundred and thirty-one feet distant from each other, measuring from center to center.

The walls at the most elevated part, on the inside, are twenty-one feet in height, and forty-two in breadth at the base, but on the outside average only five feet in height.

This forms a passage of about three hundred and sixty feet in the length, leading by a gradual descent to the low grounds, where at the time of its construction, it probably reached the river.

Its walls commence at sixty feet from the ramparts of the fort and increase in elevation as the way descends towards the river; and the bottom is crowned in the center, in the manner of a well-founded turnpike road.

Within the walls of the fort, at the northwest corner, is an oblong elevated square, one hundred and eighty-eight feet long, one hundred and thirty-two broad, and nine feet high: level on the summit, and nearly perpendicular at the sides.

 At the center of each the sides, the earth is projected, forming gradual ascents to the top, equally regular, and about six feet in width.

Near the south wall is another elevated square, one hundred and fifty feet by one hundred and twenty, and eight feet high, similar to the other, excepting that instead of an ascent to go up on the side next to the wall, there is a hollow way ten feet wide, leading twenty feet towards the center, and then rising with a gradual slope to the top.

 At the southeast corner, is a third elevated square, one hundred and eight, by fifty-four feet, with ascents at the ends, but not so high nor perfect as the two others.

A little to the southwest of the center of the fort is a circular mound, about thirty feet in diameter and five feet high, near which are four small excavations at equal distances, and opposite each other.

 At the southwest corner of the fort is a semicircular parapet, crowned with a mound, which guards the opening in the wall.

Towards the southeast is a smaller fort, containing twenty acres, with a gateway in the center of each side and at each corner. These gateways are defended by circular mounds.

On the outside of the smaller fort is a mound, in form of a sugar loaf, of a magnitude and height which strikes the beholder with astonishment.

Its base is a regular circle, one hundred and fifteen feet in diameter; its perpendicular altitude is thirty feet.

It is surrounded by a ditch four feet deep and fifteen feet wide, and defended by a parapet four feet high, though which is a gateway towards the fort, twenty feet in width.

 There are other walls, mounds, and excavations, less conspicuous and entire.”
Clark states that Joseph’s description of weaponry is also unusual:

The Book of Mormon mentions bows and arrows, swords, slings, scimitars, clubs, spears, shields, breastplates, helmets, and cotton Armor—all items documented for Mesoamerica.

Once more, we find similar descriptions in the mound builder myths. From Vogel again:

Occasionally claims surfaced that intact metal objects had been found in the North American mounds, and mound builders were sometimes credited with objects of obvious European manufacture.

The Port Folio reported in 1819 that one Tennessee mound contained “an iron sword, resembling the saber of the Persians or Sethians.

” John Haywood claimed that in addition to clay objects “iron and steel utensils and ornaments have also been found.”

The Ohio mound builders, he wrote, “had swords of iron and steel, and steel bows, . . . tools also of iron and steel, and chisels with which they neatly sculptured stone, and made engravings upon it.”

In 1820 Atwater reported in the Archaeologia Americana that the mound builders “had some very well manufactured swords and knives of iron, possibly of steel.” He also claimed that in Virginia “there was found about half a steel bow, which, when entire, would measure five or six feet.”

Thaddeus Harris indicated that “plates of copper have been found in some mounds, but they appear to be parts of armor.”

And Ethan Smith recorded that silver, copper, and iron had been found in the North American mounds.

Clark ignores the mention of steel swords and instead posits the Nephite use of the macahuitl:

Aztec swords were of wood, sometimes edged with stone knives.

There are indications of wooden swords in the Book of Mormon—how else could swords become stained with blood? Wooden swords edged with sharp stones could sever heads and limbs and were lethal.

The presence of wooden swords here is speculative, based, it seems, on the description of blood-stained Nephite swords.

 Yet such a description appears elsewhere in 19th-century literature, including Dickens’ Great Expectations (“blood-stained sword in thunder down”), which itself is a quotation from William Collins’ 1746 poem, “Ode on the Passions.”

The same image also appears in 1867’s “The Sword of Robert Lee,” by Father A.J. Ryan.

In essence, Clark seems to infer the presence of wooden swords from the use of a literary device.


The practice of taking detached arms as battle trophies, as in the story of Ammon, is also documented for Mesoamerica.

This one is interesting, although it’s an inexact match.

 Ammon, it must be observed, did not sever the arms in hopes of using them as battle trophies; rather, the text tells us that he severed the arms as the Lamanite sheep rustlers lifted their arms to smite him.

The arms were gathered up by his astonished co-shepherds as evidence that this was some sort of superhuman individual. So, yes, there’s a parallel, but it’s decidedly weaker than Clark’s assertion.


Another precise correspondence is the practice of fleeing to the summits of pyramids as places of last defiance and, consequently, of eventual surrender.

Conquered cities were depicted in Mesoamerica by symbols for broken towers or burning pyramids. Mormon records this practice.


This statement puzzles me, as the first two citations for “towers as the last refuge in battle” (Alma 50:4; 51:20) have nothing to do with towers being the last refuge in battle but simply mention that towers were constructed on the fortifications and that after their surrender the dissenters were compelled to raise the title of liberty “upon their towers.”

The third citation (Moroni 9:7) says that “the Lamanites have many prisoners, which they took from the tower of Sharifah; and there were men, women, and children.”

 This is closer, but still makes no mention of the tower as a stronghold of last resort.


Other practices of his day were human sacrifice and cannibalism, vile behaviour well attested for Mesoamerica (see Mormon 4:14; Moroni 9:8, 10).


Human sacrifice and cannibalism were widely attributed to Native Americans in the 18th and 19th centuries; In James Adair’s The History of the American Indians from 1775, we read,

 “The Spanish writers acknowledge that the Mexicans brought their human sacrifices from the opposite sea; and did not offer up any of their own people: so that this was but the same as our North American Indians still practice, when they devote their captives to death.”

The final battle at Cumorah involved staggering numbers of troops, including Nephite battle units of 10,000.

Aztec documents describe armies of over 200,000 warriors divided into major divisions of 8,000 warriors plus 4,000 retainers each.

One battle involved 700,000 warriors on one side.

The Aztec ciphers appear to be propagandistic exaggeration;

I do not know whether this applies to Book of Mormon numbers or not.

I’m not really sure of Clark’s point here, but given the numbers of burial mounds discovered, it would not have surprised anyone to suggest that so many people had died in battle.

In summary, the practices and instruments of war described in the Book of Mormon display multiple and precise correspondences with Mesoamerican practices, and in ways unimaginable to 19th-century Yankees.


As I’ve shown, the practices and instruments of war described are not only not “unimaginable” but they correspond rather well to what 19th-century Americans would expect.



Runtu 10 Пьес автора о Грандиозной России Moscow

Рюнтю Юри: литературный дневник

10 Пьес автора о Великой культуре Грандиозной России / http://proza.ru/2008/07/14/62 / : Russia : the USA : 2023


2023 Рюнтю Юри: литературный дневник / http://proza.ru/diary/yuri2008/2023-12-01 / 2023



10 Пьес автора и Стэнфордский университет США : / http://proza.ru/diary/yuri2008/2022-02-26 / Iouri Runtu: French / Юри Рюнтю : Russian / Uri Runtu: English : Yuri Ryuntyu / Canberra ACT Australia / Celebrities RU Telegram : 2022 .



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